恩施州耕地土壤pH近30年变化特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201704.017

应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 1289-1297.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201704.017

恩施州耕地土壤pH近30年变化特征

胡敏¹, 向永生², 张智¹, 丛日环¹, 黄飞跃², 张军强², 尚莉莉², 鲁剑巍^1*

¹华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室, 武汉 430070
²湖北省恩施州土壤肥料工作站, 湖北恩施 445000

收稿日期:2016-08-09 出版日期:2017-04-18 发布日期:2017-04-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: lunm@mail.hzau.edu.cn
作者简介:胡敏,女,1990年生,硕士研究生.主要从事作物养分管理与土壤肥力研究.E-mail:huxiaomin@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
基金资助:
本文由国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B03)、国家测土配方施肥补贴资金项目(财农[2009]211号)和恩施州科技计划项目(XYJ2014000039)资助

Variation characteristics of farmland soil pH in the past 30 years of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei, China

HU Min¹, XIANG Yong-sheng², ZHANG Zhi¹, CONG Ri-huan¹, HUANG Fei-yue², ZHANG Jun-qiang², SHANG Li-li², LU Jian-wei^1*

¹College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River, Wuhan 430070, China
²Enshi Prefecture Soil and Fertilizer Station, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China

Received:2016-08-09 Online:2017-04-18 Published:2017-04-18
Contact: * E-mail: lunm@mail.hzau.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Support Plan (2014BAD11B03), the National Project of Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendation Subsidies ([2009]211) and the Science and Technology Plan of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture (XYJ2014000039)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以第二次土壤普查(1980—1983年)和耕地质量评价(2010—2013年)两个不同时期恩施州土壤pH数据为基础,对恩施州耕地土壤pH近30年时空变化进行了研究,明确了恩施州耕地土壤pH值变化特征,并初步探讨了导致土壤pH变化的自然因素和人为因素,以期为制定土壤酸化控制对策提供理论指导.结果表明: 2010—2013年,恩施州pH<6.5的酸性土壤占耕地面积的98.4%,6.5～8.5中性偏碱性土壤仅占耕地面积的1.6%;与1980—1983年相比,酸性土壤(pH<6.5)面积比例提高了61.4%,中性偏碱性土壤(pH在6.5～8.5)面积比例减少了61.2%,pH>8.5的强碱性耕地土壤在全州已基本消失.1980—1983年,pH<6.5的耕地土壤主要分布在来凤县、利川市、宣恩县和咸丰县,面积比例分别为74.4%、63.5%、61.3%和60.7%,至2010—2013年,恩施州酸性土壤分布更加广泛,各县市酸性土壤(pH<6.5)面积比例均达到96%以上.近30年来,恩施州土壤呈酸化趋势,土壤pH空间分布呈现东高西低格局.不同区域、不同耕地利用类型土壤pH值均发生不同程度的下降.耕地土壤pH整体下降了0.90,其中,旱地土壤pH下降了1.14,水田土壤pH下降了0.87,旱地土壤酸化程度大于水田.恩施州土壤酸化主要受肥料结构、配比变化及高产作物收获带走大量盐基养分等人为因素影响.

关键词: 旱地, 土壤酸化, 水田, 空间变化, 第二次土壤普查

Abstract: In order to explore temporal-spatial variability of farmland soil pH at Enshi Antonomous Prefecture, Hubei, China, soil pH during the past three decades was analyzed, using the datasets of the Second National Soil Survey (1980-1983) and the Cultivated Land Quality Evaluation (2010-2013). The natural and human factors inducing the change of soil pH were evaluated to provide theoretical guidance for further soil acidification management. Results showed that acidic soil (i.e., pH＜6.5) and neutral and alkaline soil (i.e., pH 6.5-8.5) were accounted for 98.4% and 1.6% in the farmland during the period of 2010-2013, respectively. The ratio increased 61.4% for the acidic soil but decreased 61.2% for the neutral and alkaline soil as compared with the period of 1980-1983. In addition, there was no alkaline soil (pH>8.5) in the region in 2010-2013. According to the dataset of the Second National Soil Survey (1980-1983), acidic soil was mainly distributed at Laifeng, Lichuan, Xuanen and Xianfeng counties, with the area ratio of 74.4%, 63.5%, 61.3% and 60.7%, respectively. For the period of 2010-2013, the ratio of acidic soil enhanced widely which was above 96% for each county. At Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, farmland soil showed an obvious acidification trend during the past three decades, with spatial variation of higher in the eastern part and lower in the western part of the region. Furthermore, soil pH decline occurred among different land use types in different areas. Overall, farmland soil pH declined 0.90 on average, with 1.14 decrease for upland and 0.87 for paddy soil, respectively. Clearly, upland soil acidification was severe than paddy soil. Factors related to soil acidification in the Enshi Autonomous Prefecture were mainly human factors such as unreasonable fertilizer combination, fertilizer ratio change, and more base cations taking away by high crop yield.

Key words: paddy soil, upland, the Second National Soil Survey, spatial variation, soil acidification

胡敏, 向永生, 张智, 丛日环, 黄飞跃, 张军强, 尚莉莉, 鲁剑巍. 恩施州耕地土壤pH近30年变化特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(4): 1289-1297.

HU Min, XIANG Yong-sheng, ZHANG Zhi, CONG Ri-huan, HUANG Fei-yue, ZHANG Jun-qiang, SHANG Li-li, LU Jian-wei. Variation characteristics of farmland soil pH in the past 30 years of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(4): 1289-1297.

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恩施州耕地土壤pH近30年变化特征

Variation characteristics of farmland soil pH in the past 30 years of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei, China

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