施氮对关中还田玉米秸秆腐解和养分释放特征的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201707.010

应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (7): 2261-2268.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201707.010

施氮对关中还田玉米秸秆腐解和养分释放特征的影响

黄婷苗¹, 王朝辉^1,2, 侯仰毅¹, 顾炽明¹, 李晓¹, 郑险峰^1*

¹西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
²西北农林科技大学旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2016-11-14 修回日期:2017-03-29 发布日期:2017-07-18
通讯作者: *mail:zhengxf@nwsuaf.edu.cn
作者简介:黄婷苗,女,1990年生,博士研究生.主要从事小麦营养与调控研究.E-mail:18710723665@163.com
基金资助:
本文由国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-1-31)、国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104,201503124)、农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队培养计划项目和国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B04)资助

Effects of nitrogen application on decomposition and nutrient release of returned maize straw in Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China

HUANG Ting-miao¹, WANG Zhao-hui^1,2, HOU Yang-yi¹, GU Chi-ming¹, LI Xiao¹, ZHENG Xian-feng^1*

¹Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
²State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Area, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2016-11-14 Revised:2017-03-29 Published:2017-07-18
Contact: *mail:zhengxf@nwsuaf.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the China Agricultural Research System (CARS-3-1-31), the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303104, 201503124), the Agricultural Scientific Research Talent and Team Program, and the National Key Science and Technology Support Program of China (2015BAD23B04).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在陕西关中平原的冬小麦-夏玉米轮作区,采用尼龙网袋田间填埋与¹⁵N同位素标记玉米秸秆相结合的方法,设置不施氮和施氮200 kg·hm^-2两个处理,研究施氮对小麦生长期内还田玉米秸秆腐解的影响以及腐解过程中秸秆碳、氮、磷、钾的养分释放.结果表明: 从小麦播种到越冬期,施用氮肥对秸秆碳和干物质分解无显著影响,但可促进秸秆中磷的释放,抑制氮和钾的释放.灌浆到成熟期,氮肥对秸秆腐解及其N、P、K养分的释放无显著影响,但秸秆碳的释放显著增加.不同生育期,玉米秸秆碳的释放与干物质分解变化趋势一致,C/N逐渐下降.种植一季小麦后,秸秆干物质累计腐解率不足50%;秸秆碳释放率为47.9%～51.1%,不施氮和施氮处理的秸秆C/N分别由32.2降低到20.2和17.9.小麦收获时,秸秆氮、磷、钾均为净释放,氮释放量为7.2～9.4 kg·hm^-2,占秸秆氮的12.7%～16.6%;磷释放量为1.29～1.44 kg·hm^-2,占29.0%～32.4%;钾的释放量大、释放快,越冬前超过80%,成熟时释放量为51.8～52.5 kg·hm^-2,占90.5%～91.7%.在秸秆还田条件下,应考虑秸秆归还的钾,减少小麦钾肥用量,适量补充氮、磷.

Abstract: With ¹⁵N isotope labeled maize straw in nylon net bags and buried in the wheat field at two N rates of 0 and 200 kg N·hm^-2, the effects of nitrogen application on the decomposition of straw dry matter and the release dynamics of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (C, N, P and K) after maize straw retention were investigated in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi, China. Results showed that N application did not affect the decomposition of the returned straw C and dry matter, but promoted the release of P and inhibited the release of N and K from straw during sowing to wintering periods of winter wheat. From the grain filling to the harvest of winter wheat, the decomposition of the returned straw and the release of N, P and K were not affected, but the release of straw C was significantly enhanced by N application. The release dynamic of straw C was synchronized with the decomposition of the dry matter, and the C/N of straw declined gradually with the extension of wheat growing. Until the harvest of winter wheat, the accumulative decomposition rate of straw dry matter was less than 50%, and the total straw C release rate was around 47.9% to 51.1%. The C/N ratio of the returned straw was decreased from 32.2 to 20.2 and 17.9, respectively at N rates of 0 and 200 kg N·hm^-2. From sowing to harvest of winter wheat, the net release of N, P and K from the straw was observed. The N release was 7.2-9.4 kg·hm^-2 and 12.7%-16.6% of the total straw N, and the P release was 1.29-1.44 kg·hm^-2 and 29.0%-32.4% of the total straw P, while a great deal of K was released quickly, with approximately 80% of the straw K released before wintering, 51.8-52.5 kg·hm^-2 and 90.5%-91.7% of the total straw K released at wheat harvest. It was suggested that the K fertilizer application should be decreased for the winter wheat due to the great amount K release from the returned maize straw, and an extra amount of N and P fertilizer should be applied under the straw retention cropping system.

黄婷苗, 王朝辉, 侯仰毅, 顾炽明, 李晓, 郑险峰. 施氮对关中还田玉米秸秆腐解和养分释放特征的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(7): 2261-2268.

HUANG Ting-miao, WANG Zhao-hui, HOU Yang-yi, GU Chi-ming, LI Xiao, ZHENG Xian-feng. Effects of nitrogen application on decomposition and nutrient release of returned maize straw in Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(7): 2261-2268.

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施氮对关中还田玉米秸秆腐解和养分释放特征的影响

Effects of nitrogen application on decomposition and nutrient release of returned maize straw in Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China

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