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应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (8): 2577-2587.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201708.004

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中国农作物生产碳足迹及其空间分布特征

刘宇峰1*, 原志华2, 郭玲霞1, 孙铂1, 孔伟3, 唐淑慧4   

  1. 1咸阳师范学院资源环境与历史文化学院, 陕西咸阳 712000
    2咸阳师范学院经济与管理学院, 陕西咸阳 712000
    3河北北方学院生态建设与产业发展研究中心, 河北张家口 075000
    4河北北方学院法政学院, 河北张家口 075000
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-16 发布日期:2017-08-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: yfliu518@163.com
  • 作者简介:刘宇峰,男,1981年生,讲师,博士.主要从事气候变化问题研究.E-mail:yfliu518@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由陕西省社会科学基金项目(2016D034)、陕西省教育厅科研项目(16JK1828)、陕西省普通高校优势学科项目(历史地理学:0602)、咸阳师范学院“青年骨干教师”计划项目(XSYGG201609)和河北省高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(20143101)资助

Carbon footprint of crop production in China from 1993 to 2013 and its spatial distribution

LIU Yu-feng1*, YUAN Zhi-hua2, GUO Ling-xia1, SUN Bo1, KONG Wei3, TANG Shu-hui4   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environment & History and Culture, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China
    2College of Economics and Management, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang 712000, Shaanxi, China
    3Ecological Construction and Industry Development Research Center, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
    4College of Law and Politics, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2016-11-16 Published:2017-08-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: yfliu518@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Social Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2016D034), the Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (16JK1828), the Distinctive Discipline Construction Project of Common Higher Education in Shaanxi Province (Historical Geography: 0602), the Young Teacher Foundation of Xianyang Normal University (XSYGG201609) and the Universities Humanities and Social Sciences Key Research Base Project of Hebei Province (20143101)

摘要: 基于中国1993—2013年的农业统计数据,采用生命周期评价、重心模型以及GIS等方法分析农作物生产碳排放及碳足迹的时序变化、碳足迹重心的移动轨迹、碳排放和碳足迹的空间分布特征以及影响碳排放的主导因素.结果表明: 研究期间,中国农作物生产碳排放量(GHGe)、单位播种面积碳足迹(CFs)和单位耕地面积碳足迹(CFc)均显著增加,而单位产量碳足迹(CFy)和单位产值碳足迹(CFv)显著减少.CFs重心一直分布在河南,且逐渐移向西南;CFc重心位于湖北或河南,并向西北方向移动;CFy重心位于陕西或河南,且整体移向东南;CFv重心始终在河南,并逐渐移向西南.GHGe和碳足迹存在显著的省域差异,GHGe具有南北低、中部高的特点,CFs是东西两翼高、中间低,CFc高值区主要集中在中部及东部沿海省份,CFy在西北-东南方向上表现为“高-低-高”,CFv在西北-东南方向上则是由高走低.农业生产过程中不同投入占农作物碳足迹的比例以化肥最为突出,化肥投入构成中以氮肥和复合肥所占比例较大.通过分析GHGe与各影响因素的关联度,得出化肥尤其是磷肥和氮肥、灌溉以及农田N2O排放是导致GHGe显著增加的主导因素,并据此提出发展低碳农业的对策建议.

Abstract: Based on China’s agricultural statistical data in 1993-2013, using methods such as the Life Cycle Assessment, the Gravity Center Model and GIS, this paper analyzed the temporal variation of carbon emission and carbon footprint in crop production, the orbit of carbon footprint center-of-gravity, the spatial variations of carbon footprint and carbon emission and the main influence factors of carbon emission. The results showed that, during the study period, carbon emission of China’s crop production (GHGe), carbon footprint per unit of sown area (CFs) and carbon footprint per unit of cultivated area (CFc) increased significantly, while carbon footprint per unit of yield (CFy) and carbon footprint per unit of production value (CFv) decreased significantly. The CFs center-of-gravity had stayed in Henan, and moved towards southwest gradually, the CFc center-of-gravity located in Hubei or Henan and moved towards northwest, the CFy center-of-gravity situated in Shaanxi or Henan, and transferred towards southeast integrally, the CFv center-of-gravity stayed in Henan and shifted towards southwest. GHGe and carbon footprint demonstrated remarkable discrepancy in provincial region. The GHGe tended to be low in the north and south, while high in central China, the CFs in central China was lower than that in east and west China, the regions with high CFc were mainly concentrated in the central and eastern coastal provinces, the CFy trend was high-low-high from the northwest to the southeast, while the CFv went down from the northwest to the southeast. The ratio of corp carbon footprint investment during agricultural production process was highest in chemical fertilizer, in which nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer proportion were bigger. Through analyzing the correlation degree between GHGe and various influencing factors, results showed the chemical fertilizer especially phosphate and nitrogen fertilizer, irrigation and cropland N2O emissions were the key factors to GHGe’s obvious increase, accordingly, suggestions on the low-carbon agriculture development were proposed.