欢迎访问《应用生态学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 3302-3310.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201810.026

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源施钙对盐胁迫下花生营养元素吸收与分配的影响

史晓龙1, 张智猛1*, 戴良香1, 张冠初1,2, 慈敦伟1, 丁红1, 田家明1   

  1. 1山东省花生研究所, 山东青岛 266100;
    2沈阳农业大学, 沈阳 110161
  • 收稿日期:2018-02-05 出版日期:2018-10-20 发布日期:2018-10-20
  • 通讯作者: E-mail: qinhdao@126.com
  • 作者简介:史晓龙,男,1993年生,硕士研究生.主要从事花生逆境栽培生理生态研究.E-mail: xiaolongshi1993@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31771732)、山东省重点研发计划项目(2016ZDJS10A02)、山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队岗位专家项目(花生)(SDAIT-04-06)、山东省农业技术创新重点项目(2016CXZ06-2)和山东省农业科学院科技创新重点项目(CXGC2017D02)资助

Effects of calcium fertilizer application on absorption and distribution of nutrients in peanut under salt stress

SHI Xiao-long1, ZHANG Zhi-meng1*, DAI Liang-xiang1, ZHANG Guan-chu1,2, CI Dun-wei1, DING Hong1, TIAN Jia-ming1   

  1. 1Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China;
    2 Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China
  • Received:2018-02-05 Online:2018-10-20 Published:2018-10-20
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771732), the Key Research & Development Program of Shandong Province (2016ZDJS10A02), the Shandong Modern Agriculture Innovation Team (peanut) (SDAIT-04-06), the Key Project on Agricultural Technological Innovation of Shandong Province (2016CXZ06-2) and the Key STI Program of Shandong Academy of Sciences (CXGC2017D02).

摘要: 为解决盐碱地花生养分吸收不畅及分配受阻等问题,研究外源施钙对盐胁迫下花生氮、磷、钾、钙、镁吸收积累、分配特性和产量的影响,为盐碱地花生生产合理、高效施肥提供理论依据.以‘花育25号’为材料,在0.3%盐胁迫浓度下,设置4个Ca浓度梯度[T1(0)、T2(75)、T3(150)和T4(225) kg·hm-2 CaO]进行盆栽试验.结果表明: 花生植株内养分含量依次为氮>钾>钙>磷>镁,苗期植株对氮和钙素的吸收中心均在叶片,磷、钾、镁的吸收中心为茎,苗期近一半的营养积累分配在各元素相应的生长中心.成熟期氮、磷、钾吸收中心转移到荚果中,尤以氮、磷在籽仁中的积累量居多,达72.3%~78.9%;钙、镁的吸收中心仍为叶片和茎,其分配比例分别为49.8%、32.6%.盐胁迫明显抑制花生植株各器官对氮、磷、钾、钙和镁各元素的吸收积累与分配,尤以对叶片和籽仁中氮素积累的抑制较为显著,但盐胁迫对荚果中镁的积累有促进作用.外源钙对盐胁迫下花生植株各器官氮、磷、钙和镁的吸收累积有明显的促进作用,尤其对籽仁中磷素积累的调节最为显著,其在籽仁中的积累量提高50%以上.适宜的钙施用量可显著促进盐胁迫下花生养分吸收积累量,提高花生成熟期荚果中氮、磷、钾的分配比,最终提高产量.综合各养分吸收、积累分配和产量结果,在0.3%盐胁迫条件下钙肥适宜施用量为150 kg·hm-2 CaO.

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of nutrient absorption and accumulation and provide theoretical basis for rational amount of calcium fertilization of peanut in saline land, the effects of calcium fertilizer application on absorption and accumulation of nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in peanut under salt stress were examined. Using ‘Huayu 25’ as experimental material, four Ca levels [T1 (0), T2 (75), T3 (150) and T4 (225) kg·hm-2 CaO] were set under 0.3% salt stress in a pot experiment. The results showed that nutrient contents in peanut followed the order of nitrogen > potassium > calcium > phosphorus > magnesium. At the seedling stage, leaves were the absorption center of nitrogen and calcium, while stems were the center of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, with nearly half of nutrient accumulation being distributed in the corresponding growth center. At mature stage, the absorption centers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were transferred to pod. The accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in seed kernel reached to 72.3%-78.9%. The absorption centers of calcium and magnesium was still in the leaves and stems, with a distribution ratio of 49.8% and 32.6%, respectively. Salt stress significantly inhibited nutrient absorption and distribution in peanut, especially decreased the nitrogen accumulation in leaves and seed kernels. However, salt stress increased the magnesium accumulation in pod. Exogenous calcium application had significant positive effect on absorption and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in different organs of peanut under salt stress. It had significant adjustment on phosphorus accumulation in seed kernel, which was increased by more than 50%. Appropriate calcium content could significantly promote the peanut nutrient absorption and accumulation under salt stress and improve the distribution ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in mature pods of peanut. According to the responses of nutrient absorption and distribution, the optimized application amount for calcium fertilizer under 0.3% salt stress was 150 kg·hm-2 CaO.