欢迎访问《应用生态学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 3024-3032.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201809.040

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于系统保护规划的黄河流域湿地优先保护格局

郭云1, 梁晨1,2, 李晓文1*   

  1. 1北京师范大学环境学院, 北京 100875;
    2北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司, 北京 100085
  • 收稿日期:2017-12-12 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2018-09-20
  • 通讯作者: E-mail: lixw@bnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:郭 云, 女, 1993年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事湿地景观生态学. E-mail: 454891357@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31370535)资助

Priority conservation pattern of wetlands in the Yellow River basin based on systematic conservation planning.

GUO Yun1, LIANG Chen1,2, LI Xiao-wen1*   

  1. 1School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
    2Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning & Design Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing 100085, China.
  • Received:2017-12-12 Online:2018-09-20 Published:2018-09-20
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370535).

摘要: 黄河流域湿地为我国生物多样性维持提供了重要生境.本研究基于黄河流域气候分区、地貌单元及湿地遥感数据,构建黄河流域生态地理综合湿地分类系统.在系统保护规划理论框架下,将湿地气候-地貌分类单元作为生态系统层次保护对象,结合黄河流域鸟类分布范围作为物种层次的保护对象,设定30%湿地优化目标,将公路、铁路、城镇、农村居民点、水坝等作为度量因子创建黄河流域保护代价图层,并利用系统保护规划工具——Marxan软件构建黄河流域湿地保护优化格局,识别湿地保护空缺.结果表明: 黄河流域大部分沼泽湿地集中在黄河上游区域,目前源区保护区覆盖面积大,在内蒙古、甘肃及四川部分区域一些稀有湿地类型游离在保护体系外;黄河中游湿地类型以河道和河滩湿地类型为主,保护覆盖率极低,保护空缺严重,经优化保护网络体系后,保护成效可分别得到29.1%、37.6%的提升.黄河下游湿地主要集中在黄河三角洲区域,目前保护体系完整,保护空缺面积极小.总体上,黄河流域中游河流湿地的保护空缺比例最高,亟需重视.本研究基于湿地保护格局优化结果分区分析黄河流域湿地保护模式,为黄河流域湿地的保护规划管理提供了科学性建议,从宏观层面上为黄河流域水生态保护奠定了基石.

Abstract: Yellow River basin is a significant habitat for biodiversity conservation in China. Here, we established a integrated classification system of wetlands based on climate types and geomorphological units, with which as the coarse-filter surrogates of biodiversity elements to complement the fine-filter surrogates of distribution of focal bird species. Then, we applied the theoretical framework of systematic conservation planning (SCP), with those two biodiversity surrogates as protection objects and watershed as planning units. We calculated social and economic costs (including roads, railroads, towns, rural settlements, dams) and set targets of 30% to input Marxan to figure out the optimal set of planning units, which met the protection target with the minimum of social economy cost and land resources. We identified a conservation priority pattern by calculating the irreplaceability of each unit by Marxan. Then, we compared the priority pattern with the existing reserve system to analyze conservation gap in the Yellow River basin. The results showed that most marsh wetlands were concentrated in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The coverage of reserves in the source area was large. Some rare wetland types in Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Sichuan were separated from the protection system. The main wetland types in the middle reaches of the Yellow River were riverine wetlands, with low protection coverage rate and large conservation gaps. After protection network system being optimized, the protection effect was improved by29.1%-37.6%. The wetland in the lower reaches of the Yellow River was mainly concentrated in the Yellow River Delta area. The protection system was good and the conservation gaps was small. Overall, riverine wetlands in the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin had the highest area proportion of conservation gaps which needed more attention. Based on the priority conservation pattern, our results provided scientific suggestions for the protection planning and management of wetlands in the Yellow River basin, which would lay a foundation for the water ecological protection of the Yellow River basin from the macro scale.