外源钙离子对盐胁迫玉米气孔特征、光合作用和生物量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201903.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探讨盐胁迫下玉米气孔特征、光合作用和生物量对外源钙离子的响应,有助于深入理解添加外源钙离子(Ca²⁺)缓解玉米盐胁迫的作用机理.以‘京科665’品种为试材,研究了NaCl胁迫下(100 mmol·L^-1)添加不同浓度外源Ca²⁺(0、5、10、20、40、80 mmol·L^-1)对玉米幼苗气孔特征、光合作用和生物量的影响.结果表明: 不同Ca²⁺浓度对盐胁迫下玉米的气孔密度影响不大,但显著减小了气孔形状指数、气孔面积、气孔长度、气孔宽度和气孔周长.同时,随着外源Ca²⁺浓度的逐渐提高,玉米叶片的净光合速率(P_n)呈先升高后降低的趋势,且气孔导度(g_s)和胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)均显著降低,表明不同浓度Ca²⁺通过改变玉米气孔结构特征进一步限制光合作用过程,最终导致P_n降低.另外,外源Ca²⁺促进盐胁迫下玉米幼苗生物量增加,但根冠比显著降低,表明盐胁迫下添加外源Ca²⁺对地上部分的缓解作用大于地下部分.

关键词: 盐胁迫, 气孔导度, 光合作用, 生物量, 外源钙离子

Abstract: Understanding the responses of stomatal structure, photosynthesis and biomass of maize to exogenous Ca²⁺ addition under NaCl stress has important significance for further uncovering the alleviative mechanism of exogenous Ca²⁺on maize under salt stress. We examined the effects of exogenous Ca²⁺(0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mmol·L^-1) on the stomatal structure, photosynthesis and biomass of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Jingke 665) seedlings under NaCl stress (100 mmol·L^-1). Our results showed that exogenous Ca²⁺ addition had limited effect on stomatal density, but significantly decreased stomatal shape index, stomatal area, stomatal length, stomatal width, and stomatal cir-cumference. Meanwhile, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n) initially increased and then decreased with the increases of exogenous Ca²⁺ concentration, whereas both the stomatal conductance (g_s) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) were decreased, suggesting that the decrease of P_n was mainly due to stomatal limitation under high Ca²⁺ concentration. The biomass of maize seedlings was increased and the root/shoot ratio was decreased with the increases of exogenous Ca²⁺ concentration, suggested that the alleviated effect of exogenous Ca²⁺ on aboveground biomass was higher than that on belowground biomass of maize under salt stress.

Key words: stomatal conductance, biomass, salt stress, exogenous Ca²⁺, photosynthesis

张浩, 郑云普, 叶嘉, 高伟, 乔雅君, 戴川景, 赵雨欣, 石少婕. 外源钙离子对盐胁迫玉米气孔特征、光合作用和生物量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(3): 923-930.

ZHANG Hao, ZHENG Yun-pu, YE Jia, GAO Wei, QIAO Ya-jun, DAI Chuan-jing, ZHAO Yu-xin, SHI Shao-jie. Effects of exogenous Ca²⁺ on stomatal traits, photosynthesis, and biomass of maize seedings under salt stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(3): 923-930.

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