采伐对小兴安岭森林沼泽非生长季土壤温室气体排放的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201905.036

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中高纬度地区非生长季温室气体排放对生态系统碳、氮循环具有重要影响,但采伐干扰如何影响森林沼泽非生长季土壤温室气体排放尚不明确.本研究采用静态箱-气相色谱法,观测小兴安岭4种森林沼泽(毛赤杨沼泽、白桦沼泽、落叶松苔草沼泽、落叶松藓类沼泽)不同采伐方式下(对照、择伐45%、皆伐,试验处理已10年)非生长季土壤CO₂、CH₄、和N₂O通量及其相关环境因子(温度、湿度及碳氮含量等),分析采伐干扰对温带森林沼泽非生长季土壤温室气体排放的影响规律及主控因子.结果表明: 采伐干扰10年后,4种森林沼泽土壤CO₂、CH₄和N₂O非生长季平均通量分别在53.08～81.31 mg·m^-2·h^-1、0.09～3.07 mg·m^-2·h^-1和4.07～8.83 μg·m^-2·h^-1,其中,皆伐显著提高毛赤杨沼泽和落叶松藓类沼泽非生长季土壤CO₂、CH₄和N₂O排放量,择伐显著提高白桦沼泽、落叶松藓类沼泽及降低毛赤杨沼泽的CO₂排放量,且显著降低4种森林沼泽CH₄排放量及落叶松苔草沼泽的N₂O排放量;天然森林沼泽非生长季土壤CO₂排放受土壤温度、有机碳含量及C/N调控,CH₄受土壤温度、有机碳含量调控,N₂O受气温、土壤pH调控,采伐增加了CO₂排放与气温、土壤含水量及积雪深度的相关性,增加了CH₄排放与气温、土壤含水量、C/N的相关性,增加了N₂O排放与土壤全氮和C/N的相关性;温带天然森林沼泽非生长季土壤CO₂、CH₄和N₂O的年贡献率分别为33.2%～46.5%、6.3%～9.1%和61.5%～68.3%,皆伐提高了白桦沼泽和落叶松藓类沼泽CO₂年贡献率和除落叶松藓类沼泽外其他样地的N₂O年贡献率,择伐提高了落叶松苔草沼泽、落叶松藓类沼泽CO₂、CH₄和N₂O年贡献率,但降低了白桦沼泽3种气体年贡献率.温带天然森林沼泽非生长季土壤N₂O和CO₂的年贡献率相对较大,皆伐使两者年贡献率进一步提高,择伐却较大幅度提高了其CH₄的年贡献率.

Abstract: Soil greenhouse gas emission during non-growing season plays an important role in ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling in mid and high latitude regions. However, the effects of harvest on greenhouse gas emission during non-growing remain unclear. We measured the fluxes of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O and environmental factors (soil temperature, moisture, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen etc.) during non-growing season from four kinds of forested swamps (Alnus sibirica swamp, Betula platyphylla swamp, Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidti swamp, L. gmelinii-moss swamp) under different harvest disturbances for 10 years, including control (no cutting), 45% selective cutting, clear cutting, by using static chamber technique and gas chromatography in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, Northeast China. The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of harvest on greenhouse gas emission from temperate forested swamp during non-growing season and the main controlling factors. The results showed that the average fluxes of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O from four kinds of swamps distributed in 53.08-81.31 mg·m^-2·h^-1, 0.09-3.07 mg·m^-2·h^-1 and 4.07-8.83 μg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. Clear cutting significantly increased the fluxes of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O from A. sibirica swamp and L. gmelinii-moss swamp. Selective cutting significantly increased CO₂ fluxes from B. platyphylla swamp and L. gmelinii-moss swamp and decreased CO₂ flux from A. sibirica swamp. Selective cutting significantly decreased CH₄ fluxes from all the four forested swamps and N₂O flux from Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidti swamp. The CO₂ fluxes from natural forested swamps were strongly influenced by soil temperature, soil organic carbon and C/N. CH₄ fluxes were influenced by soil temperature, soil organic carbon. N₂O fluxes were affected by air temperature and soil pH. Harvesting increased the correlation between soil CO₂ flux and air temperature, soil moisture and snow depth, the correlation between soil CH₄flux and air temperature, soil moisture and C/N, as well as the correlation between soil N₂O flux and soil total nitrogen and C/N. The annual cumulative contribution of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O emission from natural forested swamp during non-growing season were 33.2%-46.5%, 6.3%-9.1% and 61.5%-68.3%, respectively. The clear cutting increased the annual cumulative contribution of CO₂ from B. platyphylla swamp and L. gmelinii-moss swamp and that of N₂O from other swamps except L. gmelinii-moss swamp. The selective cutting increased the annual cumulative contribution of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O from L. gmelinii-C. schmidti swamp and L. gmelinii-moss swamp, but decreased that from B. platyphylla swamp. The annual cumulative contributions of N₂O and CO₂ during non-growing season were relatively high from temperate natural forested swamps, and clear cutting further increased their contribution, while the selective cutting just increased that of CH₄ during non-growing season.

郝利, 牟长城, 常怡慧, 申忠奇, 韩丽冬, 姜宁, 彭文宏. 采伐对小兴安岭森林沼泽非生长季土壤温室气体排放的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(5): 1713-1725.

HAO Li, MU Chang-cheng, CHANG Yi-hui, SHEN Zhong-qi, HAN Li-dong, JIANG Ning, PENG Wen-hong. Effects of harvest on greenhouse gas emissions from forested swamp during non-growing season in Xiaoxing’an Mountains of China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(5): 1713-1725.

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