稻麦两熟系统适期晚播对周年产量和资源利用效率的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202001.023

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 165-172.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202001.023

稻麦两熟系统适期晚播对周年产量和资源利用效率的影响

习敏¹, 杜祥备², 吴文革^1*, 孔令聪², 陈金华³, 岳伟³, 许有尊¹, 周永进¹

¹安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所, 合肥 230031;
²安徽省农业科学院作物研究所, 合肥 230031;
³安徽省农业气象中心, 合肥 230031

收稿日期:2019-02-25 出版日期:2020-01-15 发布日期:2020-01-15
通讯作者: E-mail: wuwenge@vip.sina.com
作者简介:习敏, 女, 1987年生, 博士。主要从事作物栽培生理生态研究。E-mail: ximin2015@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300906,2017YFD0301306,2016YFD0300503)

Effects of late sowing of two season crops on annual yield and resource use efficiency in rice-wheat double cropping system

XI Min¹, DU Xiang-bei², WU Wen-ge^1*, KONG Ling-cong², CHEN Jin-hua³, YUE Wei³, XU You-zun¹, ZHOU Yong-jin¹

¹Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
²Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
³Anhui Agricultural Meteorological Center, Hefei 230031, China

Received:2019-02-25 Online:2020-01-15 Published:2020-01-15
Contact: E-mail: wuwenge@vip.sina.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0300906, 2017YFD0301306, 2016YFD0300503).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 受气候变化影响,江淮地区稻麦两熟种植模式周年资源配置不合理、资源利用效率低,限制了该区域作物周年高产高效协同发展。通过播期调整优化两季资源配置是提高资源利用效率,挖掘周年产量潜力的重要途径。本研究于2013—2015年进行大田试验,设置不同稻麦播期组合,对其周年产量和资源配置与利用特征进行了比较。结果表明: 与常规种植模式(T₂)相比,稻麦双季适期晚播模式(T₃)通过播期调整协调了两季间资源配置,将小麦季冗余的温光水资源转移给高贡献率作物水稻,水稻季积温、辐射、降雨资源分别占60.5%、46.5%和56.7%,小麦季分别占36.3%、50.0%和40.9%,两季间比值为1.67、0.94和1.39;水稻产量显著提高,并提高了水稻在周年产量中的占比;小麦产量显著降低,但变幅小于水稻;周年总产量提高了336.3 kg·hm^-2。水稻季温度生产效率、光能生产效率和降雨生产效率分别提高了9.8%、5.6%和8.3%,小麦季资源利用效率无显著差异,T₃模式周年温、光、水生产效率分别提高了4.8%、3.1%和6.0%。稻麦双季早播模式(T₁)或双季过晚模式(T₄)均不利于周年产量形成和资源利用。综上所述,充分挖掘水稻季的光温水资源利用潜力是进一步提升江淮地区稻麦周年产量潜力的关键,研究结果可为区域粮食作物周年种植模式产量潜力的挖掘及种植结构调整提供依据。

Abstract: The unreasonable resource allocation and lower resource use efficiency for rice-wheat double cropping system in Jianghuai region resulted from climate change severely limit the coordinated development of annually high yield and high efficiency crops. Optimizing seasonal resource allocation through sowing date adjustment is an important way to tap the annual high-yield potential and improve resource use efficiency. To quantify the effects of sowing date of rice and wheat on annual yield and resource allocation and utilization efficiency, field experiments were conducted in 2013-2015. Results showed that compared with the conventional rice-wheat cropping system (T₂), the two seasons appropriate late-cast cropping system (T₃) could coordinate resource allocation in the two seasons through the sowing date adjustment, and transfer the redundant radiation and heat resources in the wheat season to the rice. The distribution rate of accumulated temperature, radiation and rainfall resources for T₃ were: rice season accounted for 60.5%, 46.5% and 56.7%, wheat season accounted for 36.3%, 50.0% and 40.9%, and the ratio between two seasons was 1.67, 0.94 and 1.39, respectively. Rice yield and its proportion of annual production were significantly increased. The wheat yield was significantly decreased, with the variation range being smaller than that of rice. The total annual yield was increased by 336.3 kg·hm^-2 as compared with T₂. The temperature, radiation and rainfall production efficiency for rice in T₃ were increased by 9.8%, 5.6% and 8.3% in compared to T₂, respectively. There was no significant difference in the climate resource utilization efficiency of wheat season. The annual resource production efficiency of T₃ was increased by 4.8%, 3.1% and 6.0% over the T₂, respectively. Earlier (T₁) or latest sowing (T₄) of two seasons cropping system was not appropriate for annual yield formation and resource utilization. In summary, improving resource utilization efficiency in rice season is the key way to increase annual grain yield potential in Jianghuai region. The results provided theoretical and practical bases for the excavation of yield potential of the regional annual cropping system and the adjustment of planting structure.

习敏, 杜祥备, 吴文革, 孔令聪, 陈金华, 岳伟, 许有尊, 周永进. 稻麦两熟系统适期晚播对周年产量和资源利用效率的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(1): 165-172.

XI Min, DU Xiang-bei, WU Wen-ge, KONG Ling-cong, CHEN Jin-hua, YUE Wei, XU You-zun, ZHOU Yong-jin. Effects of late sowing of two season crops on annual yield and resource use efficiency in rice-wheat double cropping system[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(1): 165-172.

参考文献

[1] 张洪程, 张军, 龚金龙, 等. 籼改粳的生产优势及其形成机理. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(4): 686-704 [Zhang H-C, Zhang J, Gong J-L, et al. The productive advantages and formation mechanisms of indica rice to japonica rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(4): 686-704]
[2] 花劲, 周年兵, 张军, 等. 双季稻区晚稻“籼改粳”品种筛选. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(23): 4582-4594 [Hua J, Zhou N-B, Zhang J, et al. Selection of late rice cultivars of japonica rice switched from indica rice in double cropping rice area. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(23): 4582-4594]
[3] 李立中, 张长海. 安徽沿江稻区“籼改粳”稻作生态型的确定试验. 中国种业, 2014(7): 42-45 [Li L-Z, Zhang C-H. Determination of the ecological type of rice cultivation in the area along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province. China Seed Industry, 2014(7): 42-45]
[4] 习敏, 吴文革, 陈刚, 等. 安徽省粳稻生产现状及籼改粳发展潜力分析. 中国稻米, 2018, 24(2): 70-75 [Xi M, Wu W-G, Chen G, et al. Production situation and development potential of japonica rice in Anhui Province. China Rice, 2018, 24(2): 70-75]
[5] Chen CQ, Lei CX, Deng AX, et al. Will higher minimum temperature increase corn production in Northeast China? An analysis of historical data over 1965-2008. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2011, 151: 1580-1588
[6] 杨晓光, 刘志娟, 陈阜. 全球气候变暖对中国种植制度可能影响. Ⅰ. 气候变暖对中国种植制度北界和粮食产量可能影响的分析. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(2): 329-336 [Yang X-G, Liu Z-J, Chen F. The possible effects of global warming on cropping systems in China. Ⅰ. The possible effects of climate warming on northern limits of cropping systems and crop yields in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(2): 329-336]
[7] 杜祥备, 孔令聪, 习敏, 等. 江淮区域稻麦两熟制周年资源分配、利用特征. 中国生态农业学报, 2019, 27(7): 1078-1087 [Du X-B, Kong L-C, Xi M, et al. Characteristics of resource allocation and utilization of rice-wheat double cropping system in the Jianghuai Area. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2019, 27(7): 1078-1087]
[8] Sun HY, Zhang XY, Chen SY, et al. Effects of harvest and sowing time on the performance of the rotation of winter wheat-summer maize in the North China Plain. Industrial Crops Products, 2007, 25: 239-247
[9] Zhou BY, Yue Y, Sun XF, et al. Maize kernel weight responses to sowing date-associated variation in weather conditions. The Crop Journal, 2017, 5: 43-51
[10] Zhou BY, Yue Y, Sun XF, et al. Maize grain yield and dry matter production responses to variations in weather conditions. Agronomy Journal, 2016, 108: 196-204
[11] 高海涛, 王育红, 孟战赢, 等. 小麦-玉米双晚种植对周年产量和资源利用的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2012, 32(6): 1102-1106 [Gao H-T, Wang Y-H, Meng Z-Y, et al. Effects of later sowing of winter wheat and later harvest of summer maize crop cropping system on yield and resources use efficiency of whole-year. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2012, 32(6): 1102-1106]
[12] 周宝元, 王志敏, 岳阳, 等. 冬小麦-夏玉米与双季玉米种植模式产量及光温资源利用特征比较. 作物学报, 2015, 41(9): 1393-1405 [Zhou B-Y, Wang Z-M, Yue Y, et al. Comparison of yield and light-temperature resource use efficiency between wheat-maize and maize-maize cropping systems. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2015, 41(9): 1393-1405]
[13] 付雪丽, 张惠, 贾继增, 等. 冬小麦-夏玉米“双晚”种植模式的产量形成及资源效率研究. 作物学报, 2009, 35(9): 1708-1714 [Fu X-L, Zhang H, Jia J-Z, et al. Yield performance and resources use efficiency of winter wheat and summer maize in double late-cropping system. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2009, 35(9): 1708-1714]
[14] 周宝元. 黄淮海两熟制资源季节间优化配置及季节内高效利用技术体系研究. 博士论文. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2015 [Zhou B-Y. Study on the Distribution and High Efficient Utilization of Resources for Double Cropping System in the Huang-huai-hai Plain. PhD Thesis. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2015]
[15] 周宝元. 黄淮海冬小麦-夏玉米资源优化配置及其节水高产技术模式研究. 博士后研究工作报告. 北京: 中国农业科学院, 2017 [Zhou B-Y. Study on Optimizing Resource Distribution of Winter Wheat-Summer Maize and Its Water Saving and High Yield Cropping System. Post-doctoral Research Work Report. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2017]
[16] 龚金龙, 张洪程, 常勇, 等. 稻麦“双迟”栽培模式及其周年生产力的综合评价. 中国水稻科学, 2011, 25(6): 629-638 [Gong J-L, Zhang H-C, Chang Y, et al. “Double late” cultivation mode for rice and wheat and its comprehensive evaluation on annual productivity. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2011, 25(6): 629-638]
[17] 严定春, 朱艳, 曹卫星. 水稻栽培适宜品种选择的知识模型. 南京农业大学学报, 2004, 27(4): 20-25 [Yan D-C, Zhu Y, Cao W-X. A knowledge model for selection of suitable variety in rice production. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2004, 27(4): 20-25]
[18] 宋贺, 蒋延玲, 许振柱, 等. 玉米光合生理参数对全生育期干旱与拔节后干旱过程的响应. 生态学报, 2019, 39(7): 2405-2415 [Song H, Jiang Y-L, Xu Z-Z, et al. Response of photosynthetic physiological parameters of maize to drought during the whole growth period and after the jointing stage. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(7): 2405-2415]
[19] 谢远玉, 黄淑娥, 田俊, 等. 长江中下游热量资源时空演变特征及其对双季稻种植的影响. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(9): 2950-2958 [Xie Y-Y, Huang S-E, Tian J, et al. Spatial-temporal characteristics of thermal resources and its influence on the growth of double cropping rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(9): 2950-2958]
[20] 王鹤龄, 张强, 王润元, 等. 气候变化对甘肃省农业气候资源和主要作物栽培格局的影响. 生态学报, 2017, 37(18): 6099-6110 [Wang H-L, Zhang Q, Wang R-Y, et al. Effects of climate change on agroclimatic resources and potential primary cropping patterns in Gansu Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(18): 6099-6110]
[21] 李潮海, 苏新宏, 谢瑞芝, 等. 超高产栽培条件下夏玉米产量与气候生态条件关系研究. 中国农业科学, 2001, 34(3): 311-316 [Li C-H, Su X-H, Xie R-Z, et al. Study on relationship between grain yield summer corn and climatic ecological condition under super high-yield cultivation. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2001, 34(3): 311-316]
[22] 郑洪建, 董树亭, 王空军, 等. 生态因素对玉米籽粒发育影响及调控的研究. 玉米科学, 2001, 9(1): 69-73 [Zheng H-J, Dong S-T, Wang K-J, et al. Stu-dies on effect of ecological factors on maize kernel growth and corresponding regulative measures. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2001, 9(1): 69-73]
[23] 朱元刚, 董树亭, 张吉旺, 等. 种植方式对夏玉米光合生产特征和光温资源利用的影响. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(6): 1417-1424 [Zhu Y-G, Dong S-T, Zhang J-W, et al. Effects of cropping patterns on photosynthesis characteristics of summer maize and its utilization of solar and heat resources. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(6): 1417-1424]
[24] 马国胜, 薛吉全, 路海东, 等. 播种时期与密度对关中灌区夏玉米群体生理指标的影响. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18(6): 1247-1253 [Ma G-S, Xue J-Q, Lu H-D, et al. Effects of planting date and density on population physiological indices of summer corn (Zea mays L.) in central Shaanxi irrigation area. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(6): 1247-1253]
[25] 胡焕焕, 刘丽平, 李瑞奇, 等. 播种期和密度对冬小麦品种河农822产量形成的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2008, 8(3): 490-495 [Hu H-H, Liu L-P, Li R-Q, et al. Effect of sowing date and planting density on the yield formation of a winter wheat cultivar Henong 882. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2008, 8(3): 490-495]
[26] 邢志鹏, 曹伟伟, 钱海军, 等. 播期对机插水稻产量构成特征的影响. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(13): 22-31 [Xing Z-P, Cao W-W, Qian H-J, et al. Effect of sowing date on yield component characteristics of mechanically transplanted rice. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(13): 22-31]
[27] 姚义, 霍中洋, 张洪程, 等. 不同生态区播期对直播稻生育期及温光利用的影响. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(4): 633-647 [Yao Y, Huo Z-Y, Zhang H-C, et al. Effects of sowing date on growth stage and utilization of temperature and illumination of direct deeding rice in different ecological regions. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(4): 633-647]
[28] Du XB, Chen BL, Shen TY, et al. Effect of cropping system on radiation use efficiency in double-cropped wheat-cotton. Field Crops Research, 2015, 170: 21-31

稻麦两熟系统适期晚播对周年产量和资源利用效率的影响

Effects of late sowing of two season crops on annual yield and resource use efficiency in rice-wheat double cropping system

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价