天山南麓中段戈壁区膜果麻黄种群空间分异特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202012.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在天山南麓中段戈壁区洪积扇顶部、中部和底部区域设置样地,以植株高度和冠幅为指标,采用地统计学方法,研究戈壁区膜果麻黄种群的空间分异特征,旨在掌握区域膜果麻黄种群空间分异规律,为戈壁区植被保护和生态修复提供科学依据。结果表明: 在洪积扇顶部,膜果麻黄种群呈斑块状分布;在洪积扇中部和底部,种群呈带状分布,中部带状宽度大于底部。从洪积扇顶部到底部,膜果麻黄植株高度和冠幅均呈先减少后增加的趋势,洪积扇顶部、中部和底部植株高度分别为40.34、21.07、36.96 cm,植株冠幅分别为1.09、0.80、1.43 m²。在洪积扇顶部、中部和底部,膜果麻黄植株高度的最佳拟合模型分别为指数模型、指数模型和线性模型,而冠幅的最佳拟合模型分别为指数模型、球状模型和线性模型。从洪积扇顶部到底部,植株高度和冠幅分形维数在1.909～1.989,表明膜果麻黄种群空间格局简单,同质度高。从洪积扇顶部到底部,膜果麻黄植株高度和冠幅各向异性出现的空间距离逐渐变短,在顶部、中部和底部,植株高度和冠幅表现出各向异性的空间距离分别为>60、42～46和23～27 m。

关键词: 戈壁区, 洪积扇, 膜果麻黄, 种群格局, 空间异质性

Abstract: Plots were set on the top, middle and bottom of the stony desert alluvial fan in the middle of southern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains. With plant height and crown size as indicators, the spatial heterogeneity of Ephedra przewalskii populations in the stony desert were studied using geostatistical methods. Understanding the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of E. przewalskii populations could provide scientific basis for vegetation protection and ecological restoration in stony deserts. The results showed that E. przewalskii had a patchy distribution at the top of the alluvial fan. At the middle and bottom of the alluvial fan, it showed a banded distribution. The band width in the middle was larger than that at the bottom. From the top to the bottom of the alluvial fan, the overall plant height and crown size of E. przewalskii populations decreased first and then increased. The average plant height on the top, middle and bottom of the alluvial fan was 40.34, 21.07, 36.96 cm, and the crown size were 1.09, 0.80, 1.43 m², respectively. The best fitting models for plant height of E. przewalskii were the exponential model, the exponential model, and the linear model at the top, middle and the bottom of the alluvial fan, respectively, while the best fitting models for crown size were exponential model, spherical model, and linear model. From the top to the bottom of the alluvial fan, the fractal dimension value of plant height and crown size of E. przewalskii ranged from 1.909 to 1.889, indicating that the spatial pattern of E. przewalskii populations was simple and the spatial homogeneity was high. From the top to the bottom of the alluvial fan, the spatial distance of the anisotropy of plant height and crown size of E. przewalskii gradually shortened. At the top, middle and bottom of the alluvial fan, the spatial distances where the plant height and crown showed anisotropy were >60 m, 42-46 m and 23-27 m, respectively.

Key words: stony desert, alluvial fan, Ephedra przewalskii, population pattern, spatial heteroge-neity.

丁杰, 张谱, 张和钰, 李志鹏, 冯益明. 天山南麓中段戈壁区膜果麻黄种群空间分异特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(12): 3997-4003.

DING Jie, ZHANG Pu, ZHANG He-yu, LI Zhi-peng, FENG Yi-ming. Spatial heterogeneity of Ephedra przewalskii populations in the stony desert in the middle of southern foot of Tianshan Mountains, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(12): 3997-4003.

参考文献

[1] 潘惠霞, 程争鸣, 王方, 等. 甘草、麻黄根际土壤微生物的生态分布特性. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23(10): 1792-1795 [Pan H-X, Cheng Z-M, Wang F, et al. Specific feature of distribution on rhizosphere soil microorganisms of wild Ephedra intermedia, Ephedra przewalskii and Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza inflata. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2003, 23(10): 1792-1795]
[2] 卢琦, 王继和, 褚建民. 中国荒漠植物图鉴. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2012 [Lu Q, Wang J-H, Chu J-M. Desert Plants in China. Beijing: China Forestry Press, 2012]
[3] Wiegand T, Gunatilleke S, Gunatilleke N, et al. Analyzing the spatial structure of a Sri Lankan tree species with multiple scales of clustering. Ecology, 2007, 88: 3088-3102
[4] Luo ZR, Yu MJ, Chen DL, et al. Spatial associations of tree species in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 5: 346-355
[5] Velzquez E, Martínez I, Getzin S, et al. An evaluation of the state of spatial point pattern analysis in ecology. Ecography, 2016, 39: 1042-1055
[6] 侯景儒. 中国地质统计学(空间信息统计学)发展的回顾与前景. 地质与勘探, 1997, 33(1): 53-58 [Hou J-R. Review and prospect of geostatistics (spatial-information statistics) development in China. Geology and Prospecting, 1997, 33(1): 53-58]
[7] 陈科屹, 张会儒, 雷相东. 不同群落蒙古栎种群空间格局的地统计学分析. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(5): 1542-1550 [Chen K-Y, Zhang H-R, Lei X-D. Geostatistical analysis on the spatial pattern of Quercus mongo-lica population in different communities. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(5): 1542-1550]
[8] 王健铭, 董芳宇, 巴海·那斯拉, 等. 中国黑戈壁植物多样性分布格局及其影响因素. 生态学报, 2016, 36(12): 3488-3498 [Wang J-M, Dong F-Y, Bahai Nasina, et al. Plant distribution patterns and the factors influencing plant diversity in the Black Gobi Desert of China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(12): 3488-3498]
[9] 何芳兰, 刘世增, 李昌龙, 等. 甘肃河西戈壁植物群落组成特征及其多样性研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016, 30(4): 74-78 [He F-L, Liu S-Z, Li C-L, et al. Study on composition and diversity of phytocoenosium in Gobi region of Hexi, Gansu. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2016, 30(4): 74-78]
[10] 钟悦鸣, 王健铭, 张天汉, 等. 中国青藏高原北部戈壁区种子植物物种组成及其区系特征. 植物科学学报, 2017, 35(4): 525-533 [Zhong Y-M, Wang J-M, Zhang T-H, et al. Composition of seed plant species and floristic features in the Gobi area of the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. Plant Science Journal, 2017, 35(4): 525-533]
[11] 龙婷, 王健铭, 李景文, 等. 青藏高原北部戈壁区植物多样性及其环境解释. 北京林业大学学报, 2017, 39(12): 17-24 [Long T, Wang J-M, Li J-W, et al. Plant diversity and its environmental explaination in gobi district of northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, northwestern China. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2017, 39(12): 17-24]
[12] 邓楠, 史胜青, 常二梅, 等. 膜果麻黄种子不同发育时期的转录组测序分析. 东北林业大学学报, 2015, 43(2): 28-32 [Deng N, Shi S-Q, Chang E-M, et al. Transcriptomic analysis of germinated seeds of Ephedra przewalskii. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2015, 43(2): 28-32]
[13] 张鸣, 常国华, 陈映全, 等. 民勤绿洲膜果麻黄周围土壤盐分分布规律研究. 土壤通报, 2015, 46(1): 142-147 [Zhang M, Chang G-H, Chen Y-Q, et al. Study on distribution of soil salinity around Ephedra przewalskii in Minqin Oasis. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2015, 46(1): 142-147]
[14] 王蕾, 张宏, 哈斯, 等. 基于冠幅直径和植株高度的灌木地上生物量估测方法研究. 北京师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2004, 40(5): 700-704 [Wang L, Zhang H, Ha S, et al. A study on the estimating method of shrub upper biomass based on the crown diameter and plant height. Journal of Beijing Normal University: Natural Science, 2004, 40(5): 700-704]
[15] 赵成义, 宋郁东, 王玉潮, 等几种荒漠植物地上生物量估算的初步研究. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(1): 49-52 [Zhao C-Y, Song Y-D, Wang Y-C, et al. Estimation of aboveground biomass of desert plants. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(1): 49-52]
[16] 马兴华, 张晋昕. 数值变量正态性检验常用方法的对比. 循证医学, 2014, 14(2): 123-128 [Ma X-H, Zhang J-X. The comparison among the common normality tests for numerical variables. Journal of Evidence-based Medicine, 2014, 14(2): 123-128]
[17] Yost RS, Uehara G, Fox RL. Geostatistical analysis of soil chemical properties of large land areas.Ⅰ. Semi-variograms. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1982, 46: 1033-1037
[18] 李哈滨, 王政权, 王庆成. 空间异质性定量研究理论与方法. 应用生态学报, 1998, 9(6): 651-657 [Li H-B, Wang Z-Q, Wang Q-C. Theory and methodology of spatial heterogeneity quantification. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 1998, 9(6): 651-657]
[19] Cambardella CA, Moorman TB, Parkin TB, et al. Field-scale variability of soil properties in central Iowa soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1994, 58: 1501-1511
[20] 张法升, 刘作新. 分形理论及其在土壤空间变异研究中的应用. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(5): 1351-1358 [Zhang F-S, Liu Z-X. Fractal theory and its application in the analysis of soil spatial variability: A review. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(5): 1351-1358]
[21] Siefert A, Ravenscroft C, Althoff D, et al. Scale dependence of vegetation-environment relationships: A meta-analysis of multivariate data. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2012, 23: 942-951
[22] 付贵全, 徐先英, 徐梦莎, 等. 民勤绿洲边缘2 种生境红砂种群分形特征及影响因素. 生态学报, 2016, 36(18): 5768-5776 [Fu G-Q, Xu X-Y, Xu M-S, et al. A study of fractal properties of spatial distribution of Reaumuria soongorica population and its influencing factors in Minqin Oasis Fringe. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(18): 5768-5776]
[23] 余海龙, 樊瑾, 牛玉斌, 等. 灌丛树干茎流与根区优先流对灌丛沙堆“土壤沃岛效应”的影响研究. 草地学报, 2019, 27(1): 1-7 [Yu H-L, Fan J, Niu Y-B, et al. Review on the influence of bushwood stem flow and root-induced preferential flow on the “soil fertile island effect” of nebkha. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019, 27(1): 1-7]
[24] 张和钰, 管文轲, 李志鹏, 等. 基于无人机影像的戈壁区植被空间分布特征及其主要影响因素研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 2020, 34(2): 161-167 [Zhang H-Y, Guan W-K, Li Z-P, et al. Research on vegetation coverage and spatial distribution characteristics in Gobi region based on UAV image. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2020, 34(2): 161-167]