油菜对3种作物种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202012.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 油菜是我国重要的绿肥作物,除增加土壤肥力外,对后茬作物也有一定的化感作用。本文研究了不同浓度油菜浸提液(0.025、0.05和0.1 g·mL^-1)对3种作物(燕麦、玉米和向日葵)种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理生化的影响。结果表明: 油菜浸提液对3种作物种子发芽率的影响不显著,但对燕麦有“低促高抑”的趋势,对向日葵有抑制的趋势。油菜浸提液高浓度处理对燕麦幼苗根和茎长、玉米幼苗茎长以及向日葵幼苗根长起抑制作用,低浓度处理对玉米幼苗根茎长起促进作用。燕麦和向日葵幼苗在浸提液浓度为0.05 g·mL^-1时蛋白质含量最大,玉米在0.025 g·mL^-1时蛋白质含量最大,显著高于对照。3个浓度下,向日葵脯氨酸含量均显著降低,玉米脯氨酸含量在浓度为0.05 g·mL^-1时显著高于对照。玉米过氧化物酶(POD)活性在浸提液浓度为0.05 g·mL^-1时最大,向日葵POD活性在浓度为0.025 g·mL^-1时最大,与对照有显著差异,其余浓度处理与对照无显著差异。油菜浸提液浓度为0.025 g·mL^-1时显著降低了燕麦超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,3种作物幼苗过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性与对照均无显著差异。加入油菜浸提液后,向日葵幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量在浓度为0.1 g·mL^-1时显著增加,玉米幼苗MDA含量在不同浓度处理下均显著低于对照。综合分析,油菜浸提液对向日葵的化感抑制作用最强,其次为玉米、燕麦。

关键词: 油菜, 作物, 种子萌发, 幼苗生长, 绿肥

Abstract: Rape is an important green manure crop in China. It could increase soil fertility, but might have allelopathic effect on subsequent crops. We examined the effects of rape water-extract (at 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 g·mL^-1 concentrations) on seed germination, seedling growth, physiology and biochemistry of three crops including oat (Avena sativa), corn (Zea mays), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus). The results showed that water extract of rape did not affect seed germination rate of three crops. Oat had a trend of “low promotion and high inhibition”, while sunflower had a trend of inhibition. High concentration of rape water extract inhibited root and stem length of oat seedling, corn seedling stem length and sunflower seedling root length, while low concentration treatment promoted root and stem length of corn seedling. The highest protein contents in oats and sunflower presented at the treatment of 0.05 g·mL^-1, and that of corn at the treatment of 0.025 g·mL^-1, which were significantly higher than that of control. The proline contents in sunflower decreased significantly in different treatments, while the proline content of corn was significantly higher than that of control at 0.05 g·mL^-1. POD activity of corn was at a maximum at 0.05 g·mL^-1, and that of sunflower was at 0.025 g·mL^-1, which were significantly higher than control. There was no significant difference between control and other concentration treatments. The SOD activity of oat was significantly decreased at 0.025 g·mL^-1. There was no significant difference in CAT activity between the three crops and the control. The MDA content in sunflower seedlings increased significantly at 0.1 g·mL^-1, while that in corn seedlings was significantly lower than control. Our results indicated that the allelopathic inhibitory effect of rape water extract was the strongest on sunflower, followed by corn and oat.

Key words: rape, crop, seed germination, seedling growth, green manure.

高玉莲, 李睿光, 常静, 李妍, 李海平. 油菜对3种作物种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(12): 4153-4160.

GAO Yu-lian, LI Rui-guang, CHANG Jing, LI Yan, LI Hai-ping. Allelopathy of rape on seed germination and seedling growth of three crops[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(12): 4153-4160.

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