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应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 1155-1162.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202004.026

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东北黑土成土母质培肥过程中土壤肥力变化特征

李娜1, 韩晓增1*, 盛明1,2, 龙静泓1,2   

  1. 1中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 哈尔滨 150081;
    2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-30 出版日期:2020-04-20 发布日期:2020-04-20
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: xzhan@iga.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:李 娜, 女, 1983年生, 博士, 副研究员。主要从事土壤肥力和有机质生物化学研究。E-mail: nal@iga.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300802-01)、中国科学院前沿科学研究重点计划项目(QYZDB-SSW-SYS022,ZDBS-LY-DQC017)、中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2016211)和中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所优秀青年人才项目资助

Characteristics of soil fertility during soil fertilization from parent material of a Mollisol in Northeast China

LI Na1, HAN Xiao-zeng1*, SHENG Ming1,2, LONG Jing-hong1,2   

  1. 1Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China;
    2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
  • Received:2019-10-30 Online:2020-04-20 Published:2020-04-20
  • Contact: *E-mail: xzhan@iga.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300802-01), the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDB-SSW-SYS022, ZDBS-LY-DQC017), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2016211), and the Excellent Young Talent Program of Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

摘要: 利用已设置14年的黑土成土母质(表层以下2.0~3.0 m深)培肥定位试验,研究不同农艺措施培肥后土壤肥力指标的变化特征,结合小麦盆栽耗竭试验评估土壤供肥能力,综合评价不同农艺措施对黑土母质培肥的效应。与初始母质相比,黑土母质培肥14年后,土壤总有机碳、全氮、团聚结构稳定性和其他养分含量均不同程度提高,土壤肥力水平的高低直接影响盆栽试验中土壤对小麦的供肥能力。主成分分析发现,母质经过14年的培肥,碳投入量较大的农田秸秆还田处理和苜蓿培肥处理与表层(0~20 cm)黑土更接近,其次是农田有机肥和自然草地培肥处理,农田单施化肥和不施肥处理培肥效果最差。14年连续的外源碳输入通过改善土壤团聚结构和进入土壤的碳分解转化,影响土壤的物理和生物化学性质,促进母质土壤肥力发育。农田秸秆还田、施用有机肥和种植苜蓿对黑土母质肥力提升效果最好,是保证黑土肥力和土壤培肥的有效措施,研究结果可为东北黑土区退化土壤培肥提供理论依据和指导。

Abstract: Based on a long-term field experiment located in the central region of Mollisol in Northeast China, we examined the changes of soil fertility and nutrient supply capacity of the newly-formed soils with pot experiment after 14-year different agricultural management practices from parent material (PM) (down to 2.0-3.0 m depth) of a Mollisol, and finally tried to optimize pre-ferential agricultural practices improving soil fertility of seriously eroded PM. After 14-year different agricultural practices, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, stability of soil aggregate and other rela-ted soil nutrient contents improved compared with PM. Soil fertility level of the newly-developed soils significantly affected nutrient supply capacity for wheat in the pot experiment. Results from principal component analysis showed that soil fertility developed toward to the surface Mollisol after 14 years of different agricultural practices from PM. Surface soils with higher organic carbon inputs in arable soil with chemical fertilizer plus all aboveground biomass incorporated and those in no-tilled alfalfa soil were much approached to surface Mollisol, followed by arable soil with fixed amount of organic inputs and natural fallow soil, while soils without and with only chemical fertilizer were much closed to PM. Our results indicated that 14-year organic carbon inputs improved soil aggregate structure and the decomposition of organic carbon entering into soil, changed soil physical and biochemical properties, and hence caused maturing of soil fertility of PM. Straw returning, organic manure application, and planting alfalfa were recommended for improving soil fertility of eroded soil. These findings would give a better scientific basis for high-efficient fertilization and management practices in eroded Mollisol region.