减氮配施稻秆生物炭对稻田土壤养分及植株氮素吸收的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.025

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 2381-2389.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.025

减氮配施稻秆生物炭对稻田土壤养分及植株氮素吸收的影响

柳瑞^1,2,3, Hafeez Abdul^1,2,3, 李恩琳^1,2,3, 蒙嘉琳^1,2,3, 田纪辉^1,2,3, 蔡昆争^1,2,3*

¹华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642;
²农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室, 广州 510642;
³广东省生态循环农业重点实验室, 广州 510642

收稿日期:2019-11-28 接受日期:2020-04-29 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2021-01-15
通讯作者: E-mail: kzcai@scau.edu.cn
作者简介:柳瑞, 男, 1995年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事农田生理生态研究。E-mail: 940120316@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31870420)和广东省自然科学基金项目(2017A030313177)资助

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and biochar application on paddy soil nutrient and nitrogen uptake of rice

LIU Rui^1,2,3, HAFEEZ Abdul^1,2,3, LI En-lin^1,2,3, MENG Jia-lin^1,2,3, TIAN Ji-hui^1,2,3, CAI Kun-zheng^1,2,3*

¹College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
²Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China;
³Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China

Received:2019-11-28 Accepted:2020-04-29 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2021-01-15
Contact: E-mail: kzcai@scau.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31870420) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2017A030313177).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过2018年早稻和晚稻田间试验,研究化学氮肥减量及配施稻秆生物炭对稻田土壤养分特性及植株氮素吸收的影响。试验包括6个处理:不施氮(CK)、常规施氮(N₁₀₀)、减氮20%(N₈₀)、减氮20%配施生物炭(N₈₀+BC)、减氮40%(N₆₀)、减氮40%配施生物炭(N₆₀+BC)。结果表明: 与常规施氮相比,单纯减氮20%和40%或配施生物炭对早晚稻不同生育期土壤pH、有机质、全氮、铵态氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾、速效钾无显著影响;减氮20%配施生物炭显著增加晚稻分蘖期的土壤阳离子交换量(CEC),而减氮40%配施生物炭则显著增加晚稻抽穗期的电导率(EC)值。与单纯减氮相比,N₈₀+BC的土壤速效钾含量在早晚稻抽穗期均显著升高,土壤pH值、全氮在晚稻成熟期显著增加;N₆₀+BC的土壤全钾含量在早稻成熟期显著升高。不同处理早稻土壤硝态氮含量随生育进程逐渐降低,与分蘖期相比,抽穗期和成熟期的常规施氮土壤硝态氮含量分别降低50.0%和71.6%,而配施生物炭处理则降低6.3%～45.5%,减氮配施生物炭显著降低了硝态氮的流失。在晚稻抽穗期,减氮配施生物炭植株吸氮量显著高于常规施氮和单纯减氮,增加幅度为34.8%～52.4%。综上,适度的减氮或配施稻秆生物炭能有效保持土壤养分,促进水稻对氮素的吸收,提高氮素利用率。

关键词: 水稻, 生物炭, 氮肥减量, 土壤养分, 氮素利用率

Abstract: We explored the impacts of nitrogen (N) reduction and biochar application on soil fertility and nutrient uptake of rice in early and late seasons of 2018 with a field experiment. There were six treatments, including control (no N application, CK), conventional N application (N₁₀₀), 20% N reduction (N₈₀), 20% N reduction plus biochar application (N₈₀+BC), 40% N reduction (N₆₀), 40% N reduction plus biochar application (N₆₀+BC). Our results showed that 20% and 40% N reduction and/or with biochar application did not affect soil pH, organic matter, total N, total phosphorous (P), total potassium (K), ammonium N, available P and K in comparison with N₁₀₀ treatment. N₈₀+BC and N₆₀+BC substantially increased soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) at tillering stage and electrical conductivity (EC) at heading stage in late season, respectively. Compared with the treatment with single N reduction, N₈₀+BC significantly increased soil available K in early and late seasons and soil pH and total N in late season, while N₆₀+BC increased soil total K at mature stage in early season. Soil nitrate content was decreased along with the growth stages for all treatments in early season. Compared with tillering stage, soil nitrate N content in conventional N application at heading stage and mature stage was decreased by 50.0% and 71.6%, respectively. Soil nitrate content in biochar treatment only was decreased by 6.3%-45.5%. N application along with biochar application had no significant effects on plant N uptake and utilization in early season. However, N reduction with biochar application significantly increased plant N uptake and N utilization rate by 34.8%-52.4% in late season, compared to conventional N application and single N reduction. Our findings suggest that adequate N reduction along with biochar application could maintain soil health and improve plant N uptake and utilization efficiency.

Key words: rice, biochar, nitrogen fertilizer reduction, soil nutrient, nitrogen utilization efficiency

柳瑞, Hafeez Abdul, 李恩琳, 蒙嘉琳, 田纪辉, 蔡昆争. 减氮配施稻秆生物炭对稻田土壤养分及植株氮素吸收的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(7): 2381-2389.

LIU Rui, HAFEEZ Abdul, LI En-lin, MENG Jia-lin, TIAN Ji-hui, CAI Kun-zheng. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and biochar application on paddy soil nutrient and nitrogen uptake of rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(7): 2381-2389.

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减氮配施稻秆生物炭对稻田土壤养分及植株氮素吸收的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction and biochar application on paddy soil nutrient and nitrogen uptake of rice

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