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应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 2390-2398.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202007.022

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

高效稳定性硫酸铵氮肥在黑土中的施用效果

崔磊1,2,5, 李东坡1,5*, 武志杰1, 李学红1,2, 李永华3, 闫增辉4, 郑野4, 张金明4   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016;
    2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3北方华锦化学工业集团有限公司, 辽宁盘锦 124021;
    4锦西天然气化工有限责任公司, 辽宁葫芦岛 125001;
    5辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 沈阳 110107
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-08 接受日期:2020-04-24 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2021-01-15
  • 通讯作者: E-mail: lidp@iae.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:崔 磊, 女, 1995年生, 博士研究生。主要从事高效稳定性铵态氮肥研究。E-mail: cuilei0121@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200707)资助

Effects of high efficiency and stability ammonium sulfate fertilizer applied in black soil

CUI Lei1,2,5, LI Dong-po1,5*, WU Zhi-jie1, LI Xue-hong1,2, LI Yong-hua3, YAN Zeng-hui4, ZHENG Ye4, ZHANG Jin-ming4   

  1. 1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
    2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3North Huajin Chemical Industries Group Corporation, Panjin 124021, Liaoning, China;
    4Jinxi Natural Gas Chemical Co. Ltd., Huludao 125001, Liaoning, China;
    5National Field Observation and Research Station of Shenyang Agro-ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110107, China
  • Received:2019-11-08 Accepted:2020-04-24 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2021-01-15
  • Contact: E-mail: lidp@iae.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0200707).

摘要: 为筛选高效稳定性氮肥,采用盆栽试验,通过监测施用不同处理的稳定性硫酸铵对黑土铵态氮和硝态氮含量、表观硝化率、硝化抑制率、玉米生长指标、产量和氮素效率等指标的影响,研究添加不同生化抑制剂配方的稳定性硫酸铵态氮肥在吉林黑土玉米栽培中的施用效果。本试验以不施氮肥(CK)和施硫酸铵(N)为对照,在硫酸铵中分别添加硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、2-氯-6-三甲基吡啶(CP),氮保护剂(N-GD)和肥料增效剂(HFJ)及其组合,制成9种稳定性硫酸铵氮肥。结果表明: 与单施硫酸铵氮肥处理相比,在黑土中添加DMPP和DMPP组合显著影响土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮含量及土壤表观硝化率,铵态氮含量提高1.4~2.0倍,硝态氮含量降低13.6%~17.9%,土壤表观硝化率降低55.3%~59.8%;添加DMPP、DMPP+HFJ和DMPP+N-GD组合硝化抑制率最高,达到16.5%以上;添加DMPP+HFJ+N-GD和HFJ的硫酸铵处理玉米叶片叶绿素含量增加最显著,增加4.5~5.3倍;硫酸铵添加硝化抑制剂和肥料增效剂对株高无显著影响;添加HFJ的硫酸铵处理玉米生物量、籽粒产量、经济系数、收获指数、氮肥农学利用率、氮素吸收利用率、肥料贡献率和氮肥偏生产力增加最显著,分别增加1.2、2.5、0.7、0.6、2.7、2.1、1.3和2.5倍。添加HFJ和DMPP、DMPP+HFJ、DMPP+N-GD处理的硫酸铵处理在黑土中施用效果最好,但是DMPP成本较高,因此,兼顾成本和氮肥利用率,建议稳定性硫酸铵态氮肥生化抑制剂首选氮肥增效剂HFJ,其次选择DMPP+HFJ或者DMPP+N-GD。

关键词: 硝化抑制剂, 氮肥增效剂, 籽粒产量, 表观硝化率, 氮肥利用率

Abstract: To develop high efficiency stabilized N fertilizer, a pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of stabilized ammonium sulfate with different nitrification inhibitors on soil avai-lable nitrogen (N) contents, nitrification inhibition rate, apparent nitrification rate, yield, some agronomic parameters and N fertilizer utilization rate of corn in black soil of Jilin Provinve. In this study, blank (CK) and (NH4)2SO4 (N) were set as controls, and nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethyl-pyrazolate phosphate (DMPP), 2-chloro-6-trimethyl-pyridine (CP), ammonia protectant N-GD and nitrogen fertilizer synergist HFJ and their combination applied to ammonium sulfate to form nine treatments. The results showed that compared with the treatment of N, application of DMPP and its combinations in black soil significantly affected soil available N contents and the apparent nitrification rate. The contents of ammonium increased by 1.4-2.0 times, while the contents of nitrate and the apparent nitrification rate of soil decreased by 13.6%-17.9% and 55.3%-59.8%, respectively. DMPP, DMPP+HFJ, DMPP+N-GD had the highest nitrification inhibition rate, which reached higher than 16.5%. DMPP+HFJ+N-GD and HFJ increased the chlorophyll content in maize leaves by 4.5-5.3 times. The addition of nitrification inhibitors and fertilizer synergist to ammonium sulfate did not affect plant height. Compared with the treatment of N, HFJ increased corn biomass, grain yield, economic coefficient, harvest index, agronomic utilization rate of fertilizer, N uptake utilization rate, fertilizer contribution rate and N partial productivity of corn by 1.2, 2.5, 0.7, 0.6, 2.7, 2.1, 1.3 and 2.5 times, respectively. In general, HFJ, DMPP, DMPP+HFJ, DMPP+N-GD performed best in black soil. By considering both the cost and N utilization rate, N fertilizer synergist HFJ is the first choice for stable ammonium sulfate N fertilizer biochemical inhibitor, followed by DMPP+HFJ or DMPP+N-GD.

Key words: nitrification inhibitor, nitrogen fertilizer synergist, grain yield, apparent nitrification rate, nitrogen use efficiency