欢迎访问《应用生态学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 2993-3004.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202009.032

• • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区夏季蒙古野驴适宜生境与种群数量评估

张晓晨1,2,3, 邵长亮4, 葛炎4, 陈晨1,2,3, 徐文轩1,2, 杨维康1,2*   

  1. 1中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830011;
    2中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所木垒野生动物生态监测实验站, 新疆木垒 831900;
    3中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    4新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区管理中心, 新疆昌吉 831100
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-23 接受日期:2020-05-30 出版日期:2020-09-15 发布日期:2021-03-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: yangwk@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:张晓晨, 男, 1995生, 硕士研究生。主要从事动物生态学研究。E-mail: zhang2580871@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2017B03017-1)资助

Suitable summer habitat of the khulan in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve and estimation of its population

ZHANG Xiao-chen1,2,3, SHAO Chang-liang4, GE Yan4, CHEN Chen1,2,3, XU Wen-xuan1,2, YANG Wei-kang1,2*   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
    2Mori Wildlife Monitoring and Experimentation Station, Xinjiang Institute of Eco-logy and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mori 831900, Xinjiang, China;
    3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    4Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Changji 831100, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2019-12-23 Accepted:2020-05-30 Online:2020-09-15 Published:2021-03-15
  • Contact: * E-mail: yangwk@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    the Key Research and Development Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2017B03017-1).

摘要: 蒙古野驴(Equus hemionus hemionus)是亚洲内陆荒漠、半荒漠和荒漠草原区域的代表性物种。开展其种群数量调查和适宜生境研究可以为该物种的保护管理提供科学决策依据。本研究于2018和2019年夏季,采用样线法对新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区蒙古野驴的地理分布现状和种群数量进行了调查,采用Distance 7.0软件估算了蒙古野驴的种群密度和数量,并通过MaxEnt模型分析筛选环境变量,确定保护区蒙古野驴的适宜生境及其主要影响因子。结果表明: 调查中发现蒙古野驴718群、共4782头,有效分布位点363个。夏季蒙古野驴适宜生境主要位于保护区的中东部,面积为6737.5 km2,占整个保护区的45.4%,估算保护区夏季蒙古野驴的种群密度为(0.5±0.1)头·km-2,保护区内蒙古野驴种群数量为(3246±575)头。MaxEnt模型的预测准确性较高,AUC的平均值为0.890。影响蒙古野驴分布的主要环境因子依次为: 距水源点距离、植被类型、距人类活动区距离、距G216国道的距离、海拔和最干季的降水量。最后,从水源点保护、核心区调整、野生动物通道监测和交通建设4个方面,对蒙古野驴种群的保护管理提出了建议。

关键词: 蒙古野驴, 卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区, MaxEnt模型, 种群数量

Abstract: The khulan (Equus hemionus hemionus) is a representative species in desert, semi-desert and desert steppe in Asia. The estimation of suitable habitat and population density of khulan can provide scientific decision-making basis for the conservation management. We investigated the distribution and population density of khulan in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve in Xinjiang during May-August in 2018 and 2019, using the line transect method. The khulan population density, number and the encounter rate were estimated by the Distance 7.0 software, and through the MaxEnt model analysis and combining environmental variables, we assessed the most suitable habitats and main influencing factors. In total, we recorded 4782 individuals from 718 groups and 363 effective occurrences. Our results showed that the suitable summer habitat covered an area of 6737.5 km2, accounting for 45.4% of the total reserve area and located mainly in the central and eas-tern parts of the reserve. We estimated that the density of the summer khulan population was (0.5±0.1) individuals·km-2 and the total khulan population were (3246±575) individuals in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve. The prediction accuracy of MaxEnt model was relatively high, with an average AUC of 0.890. The results of the Jackknife test showed that the distance to water sources, vegetation type, distance to human interference, distance to national highway G216, altitude, and precipitation of driest areas were the most important factors affecting the habitat suitability for khulan. For improving the protection of the khulan population in this reserve, we suggested strengthen the protection of water sources, adjust the core areas, monitor wildlife passages, and enhance traffic construction.

Key words: Equus hemionus hemionus, Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, MaxEnt Model, population number