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应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 191-200.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202101.027

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

种植模式和施肥对黄土旱塬农田土壤团聚体及其碳分布的影响

李春越1, 常顺1, 钟凡心1, 薛英龙1, 苗雨1, 王益2*, 党廷辉3   

  1. 1陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院, 西安 710119;
    2中国科学院地球环境研究所, 西安 710061;
    3中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-16 接受日期:2020-11-01 出版日期:2021-01-15 发布日期:2021-07-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: wangyi@ieecas.cn
  • 作者简介:李春越, 女, 1978年生, 博士, 副教授。主要从事土壤生态研究。E-mail: chunyue_li@snnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省自然科学基金项目(2019JM-518)、国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501602)、国家自然科学基金项目(41501255,41671269)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项(GK201603073)

Effects of fertilization and planting patterns on soil aggregate and carbon distribution in farmland of the Loess Plateau, Northwest China

LI Chun-yue1, CHANG Shun1, ZHONG Fan-xin1, XUE Ying-long1, MIAO Yu1, WANG Yi2*, DANG Ting-hui3   

  1. 1School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;
    2Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China;
    3Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2020-07-16 Accepted:2020-11-01 Online:2021-01-15 Published:2021-07-15
  • Contact: * E-mail: wangyi@ieecas.cn
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China (2019JM-518), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0501602), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41501255, 41671269) and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (GK201603073).

摘要: 本研究以长武黄土高原农业生态试验站33年长期定位试验处理为研究对象,选取撂荒(R)、小麦连作(CK/W)、小麦玉米轮作(L),小麦连作选取单施氮肥(N)、单施磷肥(P)、施氮磷肥(NP)、单施有机肥(M)、氮肥配施有机肥(NM)、磷肥配施有机肥(PM)、氮磷肥配施有机肥(NPM)共10种不同种植模式和施肥田间处理,运用干湿筛法和TOC法,分析长期不同施肥和种植模式下黄土旱塬农田土壤力稳性和水稳性团聚体数量、稳定性、各粒级团聚体中全碳和有机碳的分布特征,以及各粒级团聚体对碳分布的贡献。结果表明: 力稳性团聚体以>0.25 mm大团聚体为主,含量>67%,施肥使其减少;连作减少了微团聚体,而轮作增加了微团聚体且其效果大于施肥处理。水稳性团聚体以<0.25 mm微团聚体为主,含量>61%;施肥和耕作均减少了水稳性微团聚体。不同施肥方式和种植模式均降低了团聚体破坏率(PAD),增加了大团聚体(R0.25)含量。施用有机肥显著提高了力稳性团聚体各粒级中全碳和有机碳含量;连作和轮作增加了各粒级团聚体中全碳含量,但轮作显著降低了有机碳含量。单施氮、磷肥使土壤全碳含量降低,而氮磷复合肥和有机肥使土壤全碳含量显著增加;种植模式对全碳的影响较施肥处理小,连作和轮作使土壤全碳增加。除单施氮、磷肥外,复合施肥和施用有机肥使土壤有机碳显著增加;不同种植模式对土壤有机碳的影响小于施肥处理,轮作使有机碳含量降低。微团聚体对土壤全碳和有机碳的贡献率最大,可达21.2%~33.6%;不同施肥和种植模式使微团聚体全碳的贡献率增加,施肥处理中NP和NPM显著增加了微团聚体的全碳和有机碳贡献率,轮作对微团聚体全碳和有机碳的增加趋势贡献最显著。

关键词: 种植模式, 施肥, 黄土高原, 土壤团聚体, 碳分布

Abstract: Based on a long-term experiment in the Changwu Agro-ecological Experimental Station in Xianyang, Shaanxi, China, we examined the effects of fertilization and planting patterns on soil aggregate quantity, aggregate stability and total carbon and organic carbon distribution in different aggregate fractions through dry and wet sieving methods, as well as the TOC combustion method. There were ten treatments, including uncultivated (R), wheat continuous cropping (CK/W), wheat-corn rotation (L), and nitrogen fertilizer (N), phosphorus fertilizer (P), nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (NP), organic fertilizer (M), nitrogen and organic fertilizer (NM), phosphorus and organic fertilizer (PM), nitrogen and phosphorus and organic fertilizer (NPM) for CK/W. The results showed that fertilizer application and planting patterns affected soil aggregate distribution and stability, the contents and contribution rates of total C and organic C. Force-stable aggregate was mainly constituted by >0.25 mm aggregate (>67%), which was reduced by fertilization. Continuous cropping decreased micro-aggregate while rotation facilitated it and the effect was larger than fertilization. Water-stable aggregate was mainly comprised of micro-aggregate (<0.25 mm), the contribution of which was larger than 61%. Both fertilizer application and planting pattern reduced water-stable micro-aggregate. Fertilizer application and planting pattern decreased the percentage of aggregate destruction rate (PAD) and increased macro-aggregate (>0.25 mm, R0.25) content. Organic fertilizer significantly improved total C and organic C concentrations in all the fractions of force-stable aggregates. Continuous cropping and rotation cropping increased total C concentration in all the aggregate fractions while rotation cropping significantly decreased organic C concentration. Single N and P fertilization decreased soil total C concentration, while mixed application of N and P fertilizers, and organic fertilizer significantly increased soil total C concentration. The effect of planting patterns on soil total C was lower than that of fertilization. Both continuous cropping and rotation cropping increased soil total C. Mixed application of N and P fertilizers, and organic fertilizer signifi-cantly increased soil organic C concentration while single N and P fertilization decreased it. The effect of planting patterns on soil organic C was lower than that of fertilization, while rotation cropping did not facilitate soil organic C. Micro-aggregate was the most notable size fraction to total carbon and organic C, with the contribution being 21.2%-33.6%. Fertilization and planting pattern increased the contribution rate of micro-aggregate in soil total C. NP and NPM significantly increased the contribution rate of micro-aggregate in soil total C and soil organic C. The effect of rotation cropping was most obvious in driving the contribution rate of micro-aggregate in soil total C and soil organic C.

Key words: planting pattern, fertilization, Loess Plateau, soil aggregate, carbon distribution