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应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 93-102.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202101.034

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

亚热带森林土壤微生物生物量及群落功能特征的城乡梯度变化

何越1, 李春涛1, 俞元春2, 何黄盼1, 陶晓1*   

  1. 1安徽农业大学林学与园林学院, 合肥 230036;
    2南京林业大学生物与环境学院, 南京 210037
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-29 接受日期:2020-10-16 出版日期:2021-01-15 发布日期:2021-07-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: hyytaoxiao@163.com
  • 作者简介:何 越, 女, 1995年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事城市生态和城市森林土壤研究。E-mail: 1474389250@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31700631,31670615)和安徽省自然科学基金项目(1808085MC90)

Variation of subtropical forest soil microbial biomass and soil microbial community functional characteristics along an urban-rural gradient

HE Yue1, LI Chun-tao1, YU Yuan-chun2, HE Huang-pan1, TAO Xiao1*   

  1. 1College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
    2College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
  • Received:2020-04-29 Accepted:2020-10-16 Online:2021-01-15 Published:2021-07-15
  • Contact: * E-mail: hyytaoxiao@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (31700631, 31670615) and the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (1808085MC90).

摘要: 土壤微生物在土壤养分循环以及生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用,土壤微生物对环境变化响应灵敏。为研究城乡梯度环境变化对亚热带森林土壤微生物的影响,本研究选取合肥市大蜀山国家森林公园(城市林)、紫蓬山国家森林公园(远郊林)、六安市万佛山(乡村自然林)为样地,分析比较其微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)及微生物群落功能多样性的城乡梯度差异。结果显示: 土壤MBC表现为乡村自然林(115.07 mg·kg-1)>远郊林(101.68 mg·kg-1)>城市林(82.73 mg·kg-1);土壤MBN表现为乡村自然林(57.73 mg·kg-1)>城市林(31.57 mg·kg-1)>远郊林(29.01 mg·kg-1);土壤微生物碳源代谢活性(AWCD)﹑均匀度指数(U)表现为乡村自然林>远郊林>城市林;城乡森林土壤微生物群落利用的主要碳源为羧酸类、氨基酸类、碳水类,其对多胺类、多酚类碳源的利用能力较弱;土壤微生物对氨基酸类、羧酸类、多聚物类及多酚类碳源的代谢能力具体表现为乡村自然林>远郊林>城市林,土壤微生物群落功能特征在城乡环境梯度上存在明显空间分异,其中吐温80、β-甲基-D-葡萄糖苷是影响城乡环境土壤微生物群落空间分异的特征碳源。相关性分析表明,土壤pH与微生物McIntosh指数、AWCD值呈显著正相关,铵态氮(NH4+-N)与微生物Shannon多样性指数、AWCD值呈显著正相关,微生物Simpson指数与土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)呈显著负相关,土壤pH、NH4+-N、NO3--N是影响微生物群落多样性指数的主要因素。研究表明,在城乡环境梯度下森林土壤微生物群落特征存在显著差异,城市林土壤微生物群落代谢潜力和功能多样性均弱于自然林。

关键词: 微生物生物量, 微生物群落功能, 城市林, 麻栎林, 城乡梯度

Abstract: Soil microorganisms, which are sensitive to environmental changes, affect soil nutrient cycling and play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling. To understand the changes of soil microorganisms in subtropical forest across the urban-rural environmental gradient, we analyzed the differences in soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and microbial community functional diversitiy in Dashu Mountain National Forest Park (urban forest), Zipeng Mountain National Forest Park (suburban forest) in Hefei and Wanfo Mountain(rural forest) in Luan City. Results showed that soil MBC followed an order of rural natural forest (115.07 mg·kg-1) > suburban forest (101.68 mg·kg-1) > urban forest (82.73 mg·kg-1), soil MBN followed an order of rural natural forest (57.73 mg·kg-1) > urban forest (31.57 mg·kg-1) > suburban forest (29.01 mg·kg-1), soil microbial metabolic activities (AWCD), McIntosh index (U) were shown as rural natural forest > suburban forest > urban forest. The main carbon sources used by soil microbial communities in those forests were carboxylic acids, amino acids and carbohydrates, with weak utilization capacity for polyamines and polyphenols. The utilization capacity of soil microorganisms to amino acids, carboxylic acids, polymers and polyphenols followed the order of rural natural forest > suburban forest > urban forest. There were significant spatial variations in the functional characteristics of soil microbial communities under urban-rural environmental gradient, with Tween 80 and β-methyl-D-Glucoside being the characteristic carbon sources as the influencing factors. Soil pH was significantly positively correlated with the microbial McIntosh index and AWCD value, while soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) showed a significant positive correlation with microbial Shannon diversity index and AWCD value. There was a negative correlation between the microbial Simpson index and soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N). Soil pH, NH4+-N and NO3--N were the main factors affecting diversity index of microbial communities. The results suggested that there were significant differences in microbial community characteristics of forest soil in urban-rural environmental gradient forests, and that the metabolic potential and functional diversity of soil microbial community in urban forests were weaker than that of natural forests.

Key words: microbial biomass, microbial community function, urban forest, Quercus acutissima forest, urban-rural gradient