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应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 1726-1734.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202105.003

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

典型黑土区主要树种根系构型特征及其对固土能力的影响

张扬, 李程远, 韩少杰, 陈祥伟*   

  1. 东北林业大学林学院, 哈尔滨 150040
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-18 接受日期:2021-02-09 出版日期:2021-05-15 发布日期:2021-11-15
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: chenxwnefu@163.com
  • 作者简介:张扬,男,1995年生,硕士研究生。主要从事植物根系固土抗蚀研究。E-mail:zhangyang620@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0507003)资助

Root architecture of main tree species and the effects on soil reinforcement in typical black soil region.

ZHANG Yang, LI Cheng-yuan, HAN Shao-jie, CHEN Xiang-wei*   

  1. College of Fores-try, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
  • Received:2020-10-18 Accepted:2021-02-09 Online:2021-05-15 Published:2021-11-15
  • Contact: *E-mail: chenxwnefu@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC0507003).

摘要: 为量化典型黑土区主要树种根系构型特征,探究其对固土能力的影响,以该区分布较广的榆叶梅、小叶锦鸡儿、白桦、糖槭、红皮云杉、樟子松单株个体为研究对象,采用全根挖掘和WinRHIZO Pro LA2004分析系统相结合对其根系空间分布、几何形态、分形等特征进行测定,同时采用原位整株根系拉拔的方法量化根系垂直拉拔力。结果表明: 榆叶梅以倾斜根为主,小叶锦鸡儿、白桦、糖槭和红皮云杉以水平根为主,樟子松根系在水平和垂直分布上较为均衡;除白桦总根表面积和红皮云杉总根长外,灌木树种总根长、总根表面积显著大于乔木,落叶阔叶乔木总根长、总根表面积显著大于针叶常绿乔木,白桦总根体积显著大于小叶锦鸡儿、糖槭、红皮云杉和樟子松;榆叶梅、小叶锦鸡儿和白桦根系分形维数和分形丰度显著大于红皮云杉和樟子松;榆叶梅、小叶锦鸡儿和糖槭整株根系平均最大垂直拉拔力显著大于白桦、樟子松和红皮云杉。主要受根系总根长、总根表面积和倾斜根数量的影响,榆叶梅、小叶锦鸡儿和糖槭根系表现出较强的固土能力,可作为典型黑土区水土保持植被构建中优先选择的树种。

关键词: 根系分布, 根系垂直拉拔力, 根表面积, 倾斜根, 黑土

Abstract: To explore root architecture and its effects on soil reinforcement of main tree species in typical black soil region, we measured root spatial distribution characteristics, root fractal characte-ristics, and geometric morphological characteristics of Amygdalus triloba, Caragana microphylla, Betula platyphylla, Acer negundo, Picea koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, using whole root excavation method and WinRHIZO Pro LA2004 root analysis system. All the examined species are distributed widely in typical black soil region. The vertical uprooting force was determined by in-situ uprooting tests. The results showed that inclined roots were dominant in A. triloba, horizontal roots were dominant in C. microphylla, B. platyphylla, A. negundo and P. koraiensis, and the horizontal and vertical distribution of roots were commensurable in P. sylvestris var. mongolica. Except for the total root surface area of B. platyphylla and the total root length of P. koraiensis, the total root length and root surface area of shrub species were significantly greater than those of arbor species, while deciduous broad-leaved trees were significantly larger than coniferous evergreen trees. The total root volume of B. platyphylla was significantly larger than that of C. microphylla, A. negundo, P. koraiensis and P. sylvestris var. mongolica. The root fractal dimension and abundance of A. triloba, C. microphylla, B. platyphylla were significantly higher than those of P. koraiensis and P. sylvestris var. mongolica. The average maximum uprooting force of A. triloba, C. microphylla, and A. negundo was significantly higher than that of B. platyphylla, P. koraiensis, and P. sylvestris var. mongolica. Due to the role of total root length, total root surface area and the number of inclined roots, root system of A. triloba, C. microphylla and A. negundo showed strong soil reinforcement capacity. A. triloba, C. microphylla and A. negundo could be used as the option-preferred tree species when constructing soil and water conservation vegetation in typical black soil region.

Key words: root distribution, vertical uprooting force, root surface area, inclined root, black soil