低温茬口空闲期土壤强还原消毒对西瓜枯萎病的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202108.034

应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 2967-2974.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202108.034

低温茬口空闲期土壤强还原消毒对西瓜枯萎病的影响

刘亮亮^1,4*, 周开胜^2,3, 黄新琦², 谢祎¹, 张艺¹, 刘小林¹

¹宜春学院生命科学与资源环境学院, 江西宜春 336000;
²南京师范大学地理科学学院, 南京 210023;
³蚌埠学院环境科学实验中心, 安徽蚌埠 233030;
⁴宜春学院江西省硒农业高等院校工程技术研究中心, 江西宜春 336000

收稿日期:2020-09-28 接受日期:2021-04-20 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2022-02-15
通讯作者: *E-mail:190030@jxycu.edu.cn
作者简介:刘亮亮, 男, 1990年生, 博士, 讲师。主要从事土壤微生物与土传病害防控研究。E-mail: 190030@jxycu.edu.cn
基金资助:
江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ190870)和国家自然科学基金项目(41771281)资助

Effects of reductive soil disinfestation during low-temperature stubble free period on the control of watermelon Fusarium wilt

LIU Liang-liang^1,4*, ZHOU Kai-sheng^2,3, HUANG Xin-qi², XIE Yi¹, ZHANG Yi¹, LIU Xiao-lin¹

¹College of Life Science and Environmental Resources, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China;
²School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
³Center of Environment Science, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, China;
⁴Engineering Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Universities and Colleges for Selenium Agriculture, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi, China

Received:2020-09-28 Accepted:2021-04-20 Online:2021-08-15 Published:2022-02-15
Contact: *E-mail:190030@jxycu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jiangxi Province (GJJ190870) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41771281).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明低温茬口空闲期土壤强还原消毒(RSD)对西瓜枯萎病的防控效果,设置对照(CK)、淹水对照(FCK)、淹水添加2%(w/w)苜蓿粉(AL)、0.25%(w/w)乙酸(AC)以及AL+AC的RSD处理进行西瓜盆栽试验,采用定量PCR和Illumina Miseq等测定真菌、尖孢镰刀菌数量及真菌群落组成,并统计发病率和产量。结果表明: 与CK相比,FCK和各RSD处理均能显著降低尖孢镰刀菌数量及其在真菌中的比例,杀菌效果达86.1%～94.6%;AL、AC以及AL+AC处理显著增加了西瓜产量,降低了枯萎病发病率,且枯萎病防控效果分别为63.2%、73.7%和94.7%,而FCK与CK无显著差异。与CK相比,AL和AC处理显著改变了土壤真菌群落组成,FCK处理对真菌群落无显著影响;RSD处理均显著增加了柄孢壳属、假散囊菌、地丝菌、粪盘菌、韦斯特壳属以及久浩酵母菌等优势属的相对丰度,且其中大部分与尖孢镰刀菌数量及其在真菌中的比例以及发病率呈显著负相关关系。综上,低温茬口空闲期的RSD处理可以通过重塑真菌群落组成有效防控西瓜枯萎病的发生。

关键词: 尖孢镰刀菌, 杀菌效果, 发病率, 优势种群

Abstract: In order to clarify the controlling effect of reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) during low-temperature stubble idle period on watermelon Fusarium wilt, we conducted a pot experiment, containing control (CK), flooded control (FCK), and RSD treatments incorporated with 2% (w/w) alfalfa meal (AL), 0.25% acetic acid (AC), and AL+AC. Real time PCR and Illumian Miseq sequencing were used to determine the abundances of fungi and Fusarium oxysporum as well as fungal community composition. The disease incidence and yield of watermelon were measured. Results showed that the abundance of Fusarium oxysporum and the ratio of Fusarium oxysporum to fungi significantly decreased in the FCK and three RSD treatments, and the disinfestation effects of these treatments ranged from 86.1% to 94.6%. The yield and disease incidence of watermelon significantly increased and decreased in all of the RSD treatments, respectively. There was no significant diffe-rence between FCK and CK treatments. The control efficiencies of Fusarium wilt in AL, AC, and AL+AC were 63.2%, 73.7%, and 94.7%, respectively. The compositions of fungal community in the AL and AC treatments were significantly changed, whereas FCK did not affect fungal community. The relative abundances of dominant fungal genera, such as Zopfiella, Pseudeurotium, Geotrichum, Ascobolus, Westerdykella, and Guehomyces, increased in the RSD treatments. Most of those genera were significantly and negatively correlated with the abundance of Fusarium oxysporum, the ratio of Fusarium oxysporum to fungi, and the disease incidence. In conclusion, RSD treated in the low-temperature stubble free period could effectively control watermelon Fusarium wilt by reshaping fungal community composition.

Key words: Fusarium oxysporum, disinfestation effect, disease incidence, dominant microbes

刘亮亮, 周开胜, 黄新琦, 谢祎, 张艺, 刘小林. 低温茬口空闲期土壤强还原消毒对西瓜枯萎病的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(8): 2967-2974.

LIU Liang-liang, ZHOU Kai-sheng, HUANG Xin-qi, XIE Yi, ZHANG Yi, LIU Xiao-lin. Effects of reductive soil disinfestation during low-temperature stubble free period on the control of watermelon Fusarium wilt[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(8): 2967-2974.

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低温茬口空闲期土壤强还原消毒对西瓜枯萎病的影响

Effects of reductive soil disinfestation during low-temperature stubble free period on the control of watermelon Fusarium wilt

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