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应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 677-684.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.014

• 黑土地保护与农业可持续发展专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

化肥减量配施腐植酸生物肥对土壤生物学性质和玉米干物质量的影响

孙海燕1,2, 孙义卓1, 周娈1, 杜丹凤1, 郭伟1,2*   

  1. 1黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院, 黑龙江大庆 163319;
    2黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室, 黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-06 接受日期:2021-12-31 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-09-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: agrigw@163.com
  • 作者简介:孙海燕, 女, 1979年生, 博士,副研究员。主要从事植物营养与生理生态研究。E-mail: shysun7908@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划项目(GA20B102-02)和国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300502)资助。

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with humic acid bio-fertilizer on soil biological properties and dry matter mass of maize.

SUN Hai-yan1,2, SUN Yi-zhuo1, ZHOU Luan1, DU Dan-feng1, GUO Wei1,2*   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China;
    2Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Germplasm Improvement, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2021-07-06 Accepted:2021-12-31 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-09-15

摘要: 降低化肥施用量、提高肥料利用率是稳定粮食产量、缓解黑土退化的有效途径。本研究以玉米为对象,采用2年室内盆栽试验,设置化肥减量配施腐植酸生物肥4个处理[T0:不施肥;T1:常规化肥用量;T2:化肥减量15%配施腐植酸生物肥(400 kg·hm-2);T3:化肥减量30%配施腐植酸生物肥(600 kg·hm-2)],研究腐植酸生物肥对土壤微生物数量、酶活性和养分含量的影响,以明确退化黑土对腐植酸生物肥的响应,为黑土土壤保护提供参考。结果表明: 与单施化肥相比,腐植酸生物肥的施用显著增加了土壤细菌和真菌数量,菌群数量随着腐植酸生物肥用量的增加而增加。与T1处理相比,T2处理可显著提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,玉米抽雄期以后脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别显著增加了11.4%~21.6%、34.9%~46.7%和6.5%~13.4%。T2、T3处理土壤碱解氮含量较T1处理升高了8.2%~18.1%,保障了抽雄期后土壤的供氮能力;土壤有效磷和速效钾含量分别较T1处理显著增加了17.1%~121.0%和9.6%~57.3%,随着腐植酸生物肥用量的增加,土壤磷素和钾素活化效果更显著。与T1处理相比,T2、T3处理玉米单株干物质量显著增加。可见,施用腐植酸生物肥增加了土壤细菌和真菌的数量,提高了过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性和土壤养分含量,增加了玉米单株干物质量。本试验条件下常规化肥减量15%配施400 kg·hm-2腐植酸生物肥是黑土玉米生产最适宜的养分管理策略。

关键词: 腐植酸, 生物肥, 化肥减量, 生物学性质

Abstract: A reduction of chemical fertilizers and improving fertilizer utilization rate are important for ensuring a balance between plant growth and minimizing the degradation of the black soil. We conducted a 2-year pot experiment with four treatments during 2019 and 2020, including T0: no fertilizer, T1: conventional use of chemical fertilizer, T2: 15% reduction of the chemical fertilizer combined with 400 kg·hm-2 of humic acid bio-fertilizer (HABF), and T3: 30% reduction of the chemical fertilizer combined with 600 kg·hm-2 of HABF, to examine the effect of reduction rates of chemical fertilizers combined with the HABF on soil microbial abundance, enzyme activity and nutrient content in maize cultivation. The results showed that the application of HABF significantly increased the abundance of soil bacteria and fungi, with the number of microbial colonies being positively correlated with the amount of HABF. When measured at the tassel stage of maize growth, T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the activities of urease, sucrase, and catalase in soil by 11.4%-21.6%, 34.9%-46.7%, and 6.5%-13.4%, respectively. The available nitrogen contents in T2 and T3 treatments were higher than that in the T1 treatment by 8.2%-18.1%, which ensured the sufficient nitrogen supply to maize after the tassel stage. Soil available phosphorus and available potassium contents increased by 17.1%-121.0% and 9.6%-57.3%, respectively, compared with T1 treatment. With the increases of the amount of HABF, the activation effects of soil phosphorus and potassium and dry matter mass per plant increased significantly in T2 and T3 treatments compared with T1 treatment. In conclusion, HABF promoted the proliferation of soil bacteria and fungi, improved activities of catalase, urease, and sucrase, soil nutrient contents, and dry matter mass per plant. The 15% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with 400 kg·hm-2 of HABF is the most suitable nutrient management strategy for maize production in black soil.

Key words: humic acid, bio-fertilizer, chemical fertilizer reduction, biological property