二元覆盖对苹果树低耗水生育期土壤水分的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201912.024

应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 4082-4090.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201912.024

二元覆盖对苹果树低耗水生育期土壤水分的影响

贾如浩^1,2, 杨建利⁴, 赵西宁^1,3*, 高晓东^1,3, 宋小林¹, 张伟^1,2

¹西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
²西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
³中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100;
⁴陕西省杂交油菜研究中心, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2019-01-17 出版日期:2019-12-15 发布日期:2019-12-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: xiningz@aliyun.com
作者简介:贾如浩, 男, 1995年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事农业水土资源高效利用研究. E-mail: jruhao@nwafu.edu.cn
基金资助:
本文由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400204)、国家自然科学基金项目(41571506,41771316,51579212)和陕西省重点科技创新团队计划项目(2017KCT-15)资助

Effects of binary coverage on soil water content in apple orchards during low-water-consumption growth period

JIA Ru-hao^1,2, YANG Jian-li⁴, ZHAO Xi-ning^1,3*, GAO Xiao-dong^1,3, SONG Xiao-lin¹, ZHANG Wei^1,2

¹Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
²College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
³Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
⁴Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2019-01-17 Online:2019-12-15 Published:2019-12-15
Contact: * E-mail: xiningz@aliyun.com
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (2016YFC0400204), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571506, 41771316, 51579212) and Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Plan of Shaanxi Province (2017KCT-15)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明间作油菜和果树覆膜组合措施对黄土高原旱作苹果园低耗水生育期土壤水分的影响,通过田间定位观测试验,对比分析了各处理土壤含水量、土壤储水量等参数.结果表明: 在果树萌芽期,苹果树覆膜+行间种植50%宽度油菜(PR₁)和苹果树覆膜+行间种植100%宽度油菜(PR₂)处理0～200 cm土层平均土壤含水量分别较对照(苹果树不覆膜+行间清耕)提高了7.9%、6.9%,在果树开花期分别较对照提高了3.5%、6.9%.两种处理在苹果树萌芽期均产生了土壤水分竞争,油菜边缘处是竞争最激烈的区域,这一时期PR₁处理竞争程度小于PR₂处理;在苹果树开花期PR₁处理竞争现象不明显,PR₂处理竞争现象明显;在这两个时期内PR₂处理均发现土壤水分低值区.与对照相比,两种处理均能提高果园0～80 cm土层土壤储水量,同时在0～200 cm土层不产生土壤水分亏缺现象.在黄土高原旱作苹果园,推行PR₁模式有利于改善低耗水生育期苹果园的土壤水分环境.

Abstract: To investigate the effects of intercropped rape and film mulching on soil water content in dryland apple orchards during the low-water consumption period on the Loess Plateau, soil water content and soil water storage were measured with in situ field observations. The results showed that at the sprout period of apple trees, mean water content in 0-200 cm soil layer under apple trees with film mulching + intercropping 50% width rape (PR₁) and apple trees with film mulching + intercropping 100% width rape (PR₂) treatments increased by 7.9% and 6.9% compared with the control (apple trees without film mulching+row clearing), respectively. At the blossom period of apple trees, mean soil water content under these two treatments increased by 3.5% and 6.9%, respectively. At the sprout period of apple trees, soil water competition between apple trees and rape occurred in both PR₁ and PR₂ treatments, with the competition being most severe at the boundaries. At the sprout period, competition in the PR₁ treatment was less intense than that in the PR₂ treatment. At the blossom period, competition in the PR₁ treatment was not obvious, but the competition in the PR₂ treatment was significant. Moreover, at the sprout and blossom period, a low-soil-water-content zone was observed in the PR₂ treatment. Compared with the control, both PR₁ and PR₂ treatments increased soil water storage in 0-80 cm layer, and soil water was not deficit in the 0-200 cm layer. In conclusion, the implementation of PR₁ model is conducive to improve soil water availability in the dryland apple orchard on the Loess Plateau during the low-water consumption period.

贾如浩, 杨建利, 赵西宁, 高晓东, 宋小林, 张伟. 二元覆盖对苹果树低耗水生育期土壤水分的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(12): 4082-4090.

JIA Ru-hao, YANG Jian-li, ZHAO Xi-ning, GAO Xiao-dong, SONG Xiao-lin, ZHANG Wei. Effects of binary coverage on soil water content in apple orchards during low-water-consumption growth period[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(12): 4082-4090.

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二元覆盖对苹果树低耗水生育期土壤水分的影响

Effects of binary coverage on soil water content in apple orchards during low-water-consumption growth period

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