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应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 4159-4168.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201912.021

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滴灌频率和灌水量对榆林沙土马铃薯产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响

王英1,2, 张富仓1,2*, 王海东1,2, 毕丽霏1,2, 程铭慧1,2, 严富来1,2, 范军亮1,2, 向友珍1,2   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
    2西北农林科技大学旱区节水农业研究院, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-11 出版日期:2019-12-15 发布日期:2019-12-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: zhangfc@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王 英, 女, 1993年生, 硕士研究生. 主要从事节水灌溉理论与技术研究. E-mail: 1450545084@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家自然科学基金项目(51579211)和陕西省农业领域重点产业创新链项目(2016KTZDNY-01-02)资助

Effects of the frequency and amount of drip irrigation on yield, tuber quality and water use efficiency of potato in sandy soil of Yulin, northern Shaanxi, China

WANG Ying1,2, ZHANG Fu-cang1,2*, WANG Hai-dong1,2, BI Li-fei1,2, CHENG Ming-hui1,2, YAN Fu-lai1,2, FAN Jun-liang1,2, XIANG You-zhen1,2   

  1. 1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
    2Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2019-01-11 Online:2019-12-15 Published:2019-12-15
  • Contact: * E-mail: zhangfc@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51579211) and the Agricultural Key Industry Innovation Chain Project of Shaanxi Province (2016KTZDNY-01-02)

摘要: 针对陕北榆林沙土马铃薯农田灌溉不合理的问题,采用滴灌水肥一体化技术,设置4 d(D1)、8 d(D2)和10 d(D3)3个滴灌频率及60%ETc(W1,ETc为作物需水量)、80%ETc(W2)和100%ETc(W3) 3个灌水量水平,共9个处理,在生育期内对马铃薯生长、产量和品质等指标进行观测,分析马铃薯各指标对不同灌水处理的响应规律.结果表明: 同一滴灌频率下,W3处理的株高、叶面积指数、干物质、产量和经济效益高于W1和W2处理;W1处理的灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)最高,而水分利用效率受灌水量的影响不显著;W3处理下产量达43442 kg·hm-2,比W1和W2处理分别高23.3%和11.6%;W3处理下纯收益达23492元·hm-2,比W1和W2分别高40.4%和18.7%;W3处理的块茎淀粉和维生素C含量最大,还原糖含量最小,分别为14.4%、18.54 mg·(100 g)-1 FW和0.7%.相同灌水量下,低、中灌水水平下D1处理的产量、IWUE、淀粉和维生素C含量最高,还原糖含量最低;高灌水水平下D2处理的产量、IWUE、纯收益、淀粉和维生素C含量最高,还原糖含量最低,分别为46572 kg·hm-2、23.04 kg·m-3、26622元·hm-2、14.6%、19.53 mg·(100 g)-1 FW和0.7%.从滴灌频率和灌水量的交互作用来看,D2W3的产量和品质均达到最高;主成分分析法得出D2W3处理得分最高.因此,D2W3(8 d,100%ETc)处理高产优质,且水分利用效率较高,为最佳滴灌频率和灌水量.研究结果可为陕北榆林沙土马铃薯高产高效优质生产中灌溉制度的制定提供依据.

Abstract: Reasonable irrigation is still lacking for potato production in the sandy areas of Yulin, northern Shaanxi Province. To solve this problem, field drip fertigation was conducted to examine the growth, yield and quality of potato during the whole growing season. We further analyzed the responses of these indices to different irrigation frequencies and amounts. There were three irrigation frequencies (d), i.e. 4 (D1), 8 (D2) and 10 (D3), and three irrigation amounts, i.e. 60%ETc (W1), 80%ETc(W2) and 100%ETc(W3), where ETc was the crop water requirement, resulting in a total of nine treatments. Under the same irrigation frequency, plant height, leaf area index, dry matter, tuber yield and economic benefits of W3 were higher than those of W1 and W2. W1 had the highest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), while water use efficiency was not significantly affected by irrigation amount. The average tuber yield of W3 was 43442 kg·hm-2, which was 23.3% and 11.6% higher than that of W1 and W2, respectively. The net income of W3 was 23492 yuan·hm-2, which was 40.4% and 18.7% higher than that of W1 and W2, respectively. Tubers from W3 had the highest starch and vitamin C contents but the lowest reducing sugar content, which were 14.4%, 18.54 mg·(100 g)-1 FW and 0.7%, respectively. At the same irrigation amount, tuber yield, IWUE, starch and vitamin C contents of D1 were the highest, but the reducing sugar content was the lowest at the low and medium irrigation amounts. At the high irrigation amount, D2 had the highest tuber yield, IWUE, net income, starch and vitamin C contents but the lowest reducing sugar content, which were 46572 kg·hm-2, 23.04 kg·m-3, 26,622 yuan·hm-2,14.6%, 19.53 mg·(100 g)-1 FW and 0.7%, respectively. Based on the interacting effects of drip irrigation frequency and amount, both yield and quality of D2W3 reached the maximum. Results from the principal component analysis showed that D2W3 had the highest score. D2W3(8 d, 100%ETc) had the greatest yield and quality and relatively higher water use efficiency, which was thus considered as the optimal combination of drip irrigation frequency and amount. The results could provide a scientific basis for the drip irrigation scheduling design for high-yield, high-efficiency and high-quality potato production in the sandy areas of Yulin, northern Shaanxi.