沂蒙山区不同植被模式下坡耕花生地垄间水土流失与磷素输出

应用生态学报

沂蒙山区不同植被模式下坡耕花生地垄间水土流失与磷素输出

李建华^1,2,于兴修^1**,刘前进¹,吴元芝¹

(¹临沂大学水土保持与环境保育研究所/山东省水土保持与环境保育重点实验室, 山东临沂 276005； ²山东师范大学人口资源与环境学院, 济南 250014)

出版日期:2012-12-18 发布日期:2012-12-18

Soil and water losses and phosphorus output at the places between ridges in sloping peanut land under different planting modes in Yimeng mountainous area of Shandong Province, East China.

LI Jian-hua^1,2, YU Xing-xiu¹, LIU Qian-jin¹, WU Yuan-zhi¹

(¹Institute of Water and Soil Conservation & Environmental Protection/ Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation & Environmental Protection, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, Shandong, China; ²College of Population, Resource and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan 250014, China)

Online:2012-12-18 Published:2012-12-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以沂蒙山区典型土地利用方式坡耕花生地为对象,研究5种种植方式（花生+狗牙根、花生+草木犀、花生+黑麦草、花生+三叶草、花生+空白对照）下,垄间水土流失和磷素流失特征.结果表明: 花生地垄间植草能够有效控制水土流失,径流量为对照的55.1%～61.3%,其大小依次为花生+草木犀>花生+狗牙根>花生+三叶草>花生+黑麦草；泥沙流失量为对照的3.4%～32.3%,其大小依次为花生+三叶草>花生+草木犀>花生+狗牙根>花生+黑麦草.花生+黑麦草种植方式的控水、拦沙效果明显,植草初期泥沙流失量受降雨等因子的影响波动较大,拦沙率与对照相比差异较小,后期泥沙流失量不断减小并趋于稳定,拦沙率不断增加.花生地垄间植草较好地控制了磷素输出,总磷(TP)流失量为对照的52.8%～75.3%,其大小依次为花生+狗牙根>花生+草木犀>花生+三叶草>花生+黑麦草；与对照相比,花生地垄间植草减少了27.5%～67.0%的颗粒态磷(PP)输出,但相对提高了水溶性全磷(DP)的输出.花生+黑麦草种植方式控制磷素输出效果最优,TP输出为对照的58.4%,PP流失为对照的27.5%.在植被生长期,各形态磷素流失存在差异,整个雨季DP输出以水溶性无机磷为主,花生收获后首场降雨中各形态磷素的输出负荷远超过最大雨强降雨磷素输出负荷.

Abstract: Taking the typical land use type, sloping Arachis hypogaea land, in Yimeng mountainous area of Shandong as study object, an insitu fixedpoint field experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of soil and water losses and phosphorus output at the places between ridges in the sloping land under different planting modes (Arachis hypogaea + Cynodon dactylon,Ⅰ; A. hypogae +Melilotus officinalis,Ⅱ; A. hypogaea + Lolium multiflorum, Ⅲ; A. hypogaea + Trifolium repens, Ⅳ; A. hypogaea + blank control,Ⅴ). Planting grasses at the places between ridges could effectively decrease the soil and water losses. The runoff was 55.1%-61.3% of the control, and decreased in the order of Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ. The sediment loss was 3.4%-32.3% of the control, and decreased in the order of Ⅳ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ. A. hypogaea + L. multiflorum was effective in storing water and retaining sediment. During the early period of planting L. multiflorum, the sediment loss was more affected by rainfall and presented a fluctuated variation, but in late period, the sediment loss decreased continuously and performed more stable, and accordingly, the sediment retention increased continuously. Planting grasses effectively decreased the output of phosphorus, with the decrease of total phosphorus (TP) output being 52.8%-75.3% of the control, and was in the order ofⅠ>Ⅱ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ. As compared with the control, planting grasses decreased 27.5%-67.0% of the output of particle phosphorus (PP), but relatively increased the output of dissolvable phosphorus (DP). A. hypogaea + L. multiflorum had the best effect in decreasing the output of phosphorus, with the outputs of TP and PP being 58.4% and 27.5% of the control, respectively. In the growth period of the vegetations, the losses of different phosphorus forms differed, and the dissolvable inorganic phosphorus was the main form of the output of DP during whole rain season. After the peanut harvested, the output of different phosphorus forms in the first rainfall was much higher than that in the maximum intensity rainfall.

李建华1,2,于兴修1**,刘前进1,吴元芝1. 沂蒙山区不同植被模式下坡耕花生地垄间水土流失与磷素输出[J]. 应用生态学报.

LI Jian-hua1,2, YU Xing-xiu1, LIU Qian-jin1, WU Yuan-zhi1. Soil and water losses and phosphorus output at the places between ridges in sloping peanut land under different planting modes in Yimeng mountainous area of Shandong Province, East China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.