Abstract: Taking the DH population of wheat cultivar Hanxuan10/Lumai14 as test object, and by the methods of correlation analysis and path analysis, this paper studied the relationships of the flag leaf stomatal density (SD), stomatal length and width (SL and SW), stomatal conductance (g_s), photosynthetic rate (P_n), and transpiration rate (T_r) on the 10th and 20th day after anthesis with the yield and the index of droughtresistance under the conditions of drought stress and normal irrigation. Under the two conditions, most of the test leaf traits on the 10th day after anthesis had less correlation with the yield and the index of droughtresistance, whereas the leaf traits on the 20th day after anthesis had significant positive correlations with thousand kernel weight  but less correlation with grain number per ear, grain yield per plant, and index of droughtresistance. Path analysis showed that g_s,P_n, and T_r were the main factors affecting the grain yield per plant (YPP) and the index of drought resistance (IDR), and the effects were stronger both in direct and in indirect ways. The direct and indirect effects of SD, SL, and SW on the YPP and IDR were lesser. Under both drought stress and normal irrigation, and on the 10th and 20th day after anthesis, there were significant correlations between SD and SL, and between SL and SW, g_s, P_n, and T_r, but the correlations of SD and SL with g_s, P_n, and T_r changed with water condition or growth stage. Therefore, it would be not always a good means to select the leaf stomatal density and size as the targets for breeding to improve the leaf stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate, and further, to promote the yield.