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灌溉和种植方式对冬小麦耗水特性及干物质生产的影响

董浩1,2,陈雨海2**,周勋波2   

  1. (1泰安市农业科学研究院, 山东泰安 271000; 2山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271000)
  • 出版日期:2013-07-18 发布日期:2013-07-18

Effects of irrigation and planting pattern on winter wheat water consumption characteristics and dry matter production.

DONG Hao1,2, CHEN Yu-hai2, ZHOU Xun-bo2   

  1. (1Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China)
  • Online:2013-07-18 Published:2013-07-18

摘要: 于2008—2010年通过田间试验,以高产中筋冬小麦品种济麦22为材料,设等行距平作、宽窄行平作、沟播3种种植方式,每种种植方式下设不灌水(W0)、拔节水(W1)、拔节水+开花水(W2)、拔节水+开花水+灌浆水(W3)4种灌溉处理(每次灌水量为60 mm),研究不同灌溉和种植方式对冬小麦耗水特性及干物质积累与分配规律的影响.结果表明: 随灌水量的增加,3种植方式下农田总耗水量均增加,灌水量占总耗水量的比例也增加,而土壤贮水消耗量及其占总耗水量的比例显著降低;与W0处理相比,各灌水处理提高了开花后干物质的积累量、小麦籽粒产量,而水分利用效率(WUE)降低.同一灌溉条件下,与其他两种种植方式相比,沟播方式土壤贮水量消耗比例、籽粒产量和WUE均较高.综合考虑小麦的籽粒产量和WUE,沟播结合灌拔节水+开花水是华北平原冬麦区较适宜的节水种植方式.

Abstract: Taking highyield winter wheat cultivar ‘Jimai 22’ as test material, a field experiment was conducted in 2008-2010 to study the effects of different irrigation and planting modes on the water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution of winter wheat. Three planting patterns (uniform row, wide-narrow row, and furrow) and four irrigation schedules (no irrigation, W0; irrigation at jointing stage, W1; irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages, W2; and irrigation at jointing, anthesis, and milking stages, W3; with 60 mm per irrigation) were installed. With increasing amount of irrigation, the total water consumption and the ratio of irrigation water to total water consumption under different planting patterns all increased, while the soil water consumption and its ratio to total water consumption decreased significantly. As compared with W0, the other three irrigation schedules had a higher dry matter accumulation after anthesis and a higher grain yield, but a lower water use efficiency (WUE). Under the same irrigation schedules, furrow pattern had higher water consumption ratio, grain yield, and WUE. Taking the grain yield and WUE into consideration, furrow pattern combined with irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages would be the optimal watersaving and planting modes for the winter wheat production in North China Plain.