不同遮荫条件下施肥量对西南干热区小粒咖啡产量和肥料利用的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202002.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 干热区小粒咖啡肥光管理粗放,产量和肥料利用率受到限制。为探明干热区小粒咖啡节肥高产的肥光耦合模式,通过大田试验,设置4个遮荫度(100%NR、75%NR、60%NR、45%NR,NR为自然光照)和4个施肥量(不施肥及666.67、1000、1333.33 kg·hm^-2),研究不同肥光处理对小粒咖啡冠层结构、产量、肥料利用率、土壤养分含量及微生物生物量碳的影响。结果表明: 遮荫和施肥对小粒咖啡冠层结构、产量及肥料利用率、土壤养分含量及微生物生物量碳影响显著。小粒咖啡土壤养分含量及微生物生物量碳随遮荫度的增加而减少。土壤养分含量随施肥量增加而增加,微生物生物量碳则先增后减,施肥量1000 kg·hm^-2时达最大(200.30 mg·kg^-1)。遮荫和施肥对小粒咖啡叶面积指数、开度等冠层结构影响显著。叶面积指数与开度、林隙分数、总定点因子、冠下总辐射呈显著负相关。通过响应面分析及空间分析可得,当肥料偏生产力、产量、肥料农学利用率及肥料增产率达到最大时,对应的遮荫和施肥组合分别为80%NR和666.67 kg·hm^-2、79%NR和1286.81 kg·hm^-2、79%NR和967.74 kg·hm^-2、82%NR和1075.27 kg·hm^-2。产量、肥料农学利用率和肥料增产率同时达到大于等于最大值的80%时,遮荫和施肥区间为68%～77%NR和946.24～1178.79 kg·hm^-2。在本试验条件下,最优遮荫度及施肥量组合为75%NR和1000 kg·hm^-2。

Abstract: The fertilizer and shading management of Coffea arabica in dry-hot area is extensive, resulting in lower yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency. A field experiment was carried out to find the coupling mode of shading and fertilizer for fertilizer-saving and high yield of C. arabica in dry-hot region. Four shading levels (100% NR, 75% NR, 60% NR, 45% NR, NR was natural radiation) and four fertilizer levels (No fertilization and 666.67, 1000, 1333.33 kg·hm^-2) were set to examine the effects of different radiations and fertilizer treatments on canopy structure, yield, ferti-lizer use efficiency, soil nutrient content and microbial biomass carbon of C. arabica. The results showed that canopy structure, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, soil nutrient content and microbial biomass carbon were significantly affected by shading and fertilizer treatments. Soil nutrient content and microbial biomass carbon decreased with the increases of shading levels. Soil nutrient content increased with the increases of fertilizer application, while microbial biomass carbon increased first and then decreased, with a peak at the rate of 1000 kg·hm^-2(200.30 mg·kg^-1). Shading and fertilizer had significant effects on the canopy structure including leaf area index and openness. There were significant negative correlations of leaf area index with openness, gap fraction, total fixed-point factor and total radiation under canopy. Results of response surface analysis and spatial analysis showed that the combination of shading level and fertilizer application were 80% NR and 666.67 kg·hm^-2, 79% NR and 1286.81 kg·hm^-2, 79% NR and 967.74 kg·hm^-2, 82% NR and 1075.27 kg·hm^-2, respectively, when partial fertilizer productivity, yield, fertilizer agronomic efficiency and yield increase of fertilizer reached the maximum. The ranges of shading and fertilizer were 68%-77% NR and 946.24-1178.79 kg·hm^-2 when the yield, agronomic efficiency and yield increasing rate by fertilizer reached 80% of the maximum value. In this experiment, the optimum combination of shading level and fertilizer application was 75% NR and 1000 kg·hm^-2.

章宇阳, 刘小刚, 余宁, 赵志浩, 杨启良, 高燕俐, 范诚, 董建华. 不同遮荫条件下施肥量对西南干热区小粒咖啡产量和肥料利用的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(2): 515-523.

ZHANG Yu-yang, LIU Xiao-gang, YU Ning, ZHAO Zhi-hao, YANG Qi-liang, GAO Yan-li, FAN Cheng, DONG Jian-hua. Effects of fertilizer application on yield and fertilizer utilization of Coffea arabica in southwest dry-hot region of China under different shading levels[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(2): 515-523.

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