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吉林省中部玉米出苗率和产量对播种-出苗期水分胁迫的反应及其气象评估

马树庆1**,王琪2,张铁林3,于海3,徐丽萍3,纪玲玲1   

  1. 1吉林省气象台, 长春 130062; 2吉林省气象研究所, 长春 130062; 3榆树市农业气象试验站, 吉林榆树 131106)
  • 出版日期:2014-02-18 发布日期:2014-02-18

Response of maize emergence rate and yield to soil water stress in period of seeding emergence and its meteorological assessment in central area of Jilin Province.

MA Shu-qing1, WANG Qi2, ZHANG Tie-lin3, YU Hai3, XU Li-ping3, JI Ling-ling1   

  1. (1Jilin Province Meteorological Observatory, Changchun 130062, China; 2Jilin Institute of Meteorological Science, Changchun 130062, China; 3Yushu Agrometeorological Observatory, Yushu 131106, Jilin, China)
  • Online:2014-02-18 Published:2014-02-18

摘要:

2010—2011年春季,在吉林省中部玉米主产区开展春玉米水分胁迫和分期播种双处理试验,分析玉米出苗率和产量对土壤水分胁迫的反应,建立基于气象条件的玉米出苗率和干旱减产评估模式.结果表明: 研究期间,研究区春玉米出苗率和单产与0~20 cm土壤湿度和土壤有效水含量的关系均呈显著的二次函数关系,耕层土壤水分越充足,玉米出苗率和产量越高,干旱明显降低玉米出苗率和产量.土壤湿度在22%~24%或土壤有效水量在50~65 mm,玉米出苗率和产量较高;土壤湿度<19%或土壤有效水量<35 mm,玉米出苗率和产量明显下降.土壤湿度每下降1%,出苗率下降约6%,产量降低约7%;耕层有效水量每减少10 mm,玉米出苗率降低约13%,减产约14%.本文所设指标和模式可用于玉米出苗率和干旱减产的评估与预测.
 

Abstract:

In spring of 2010-2011, an experiment with treatments on soil water stress and sowing by stages of spring maize (Zea mays) was conducted in the central Jilin Province. The responses of maize emergence rate and yield to soil water stress were analyzed, and the assessment models of the emergence rate and reduction of yield caused by drought were established based on meteorological conditions. The results showed that during the study period, the relationship between maize emergence rate or per unit yield, and the soil moisture in 0-20 cm layer or soil available water content presented a significant quadratic function. The emergence rate and yield increased with the higher surface soil moisture, while decreased obviously under the drought condition. The emergence rate and yield were higher in the conditions of soil moisture in the range of 22%-24% or soil available water content in 50-65 mm, while the emergence rate and yield decreased obviously with the soil moisture less than 19% or available water content less than 35 mm. The soil moisture decreased 1% each, along with the emergence rate decreased by about 6%, and the yield decreased by about 7%. The soil available water content decreased by 10 mm, along with the emergence rate and yield decreased by about 13% and 14%, respectively. The indicators and models in this article could be applied to assessment and prediction of maize emergence rate and the reduction of yield caused by drought.