长白山北坡云冷杉林和落叶松林物种组成与群落结构

应用生态学报

长白山北坡云冷杉林和落叶松林物种组成与群落结构

匡旭^1,2,邢丁亮^1,2,张昭臣^1,2,宋厚娟^1,2,王芸芸^1,2,房帅^1,2,原作强¹,叶吉¹,蔺菲^1,2,王绪高¹,郝占庆^1**

(¹中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室, 沈阳110164; ²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)

出版日期:2014-08-18 发布日期:2014-08-18

Species composition and community structure of a spruce-fir forest and a larch forest on the northern slope of Changbai Mountains, Northeast China.

KUANG Xu^1,2, XING Ding-liang^1,2, ZHANG Zhao-chen^1,2, SONG Hou-juan^1,2, WANG Yun-yun^1,2, FANG Shuai^1,2, YUAN Zuo-qiang¹, YE Ji¹, LIN Fei^1,2, WANG Xu-gao¹, HAO Zhan-qing¹

(¹State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China; ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Online:2014-08-18 Published:2014-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

云冷杉林是长白山北坡保存最完整的森林植被,而落叶松林是长白山的隐域性森林植被.为了更好地了解其物种组成和群落结构等基本特征,于2010年在长白山北坡自然保护区内分别建立了4 hm²的云冷杉林和落叶松林长期监测样地,对样地内所有胸径≥1 cm的木本植物进行了定位、调查和挂牌.结果表明: 云冷杉林样地木本植物有22种,隶属于6科12属;落叶松林样地木本植物有22种,隶属于8科16属.两样地物种组成差异不大,区系组成基本上都属于北温带成分.云冷杉林样地木本植物独立个体数为8640株,包括分支数为9257株;落叶松林样地木本植物独立个体数为3696株,包括分支数为4060株.两样地优势种明显,云冷杉林样地,臭冷杉和长白落叶松处于优势地位,其重要值分别占所有物种的38.7%和23.9%;落叶松林样地,长白落叶松占绝对优势,其重要值占所有物种的61.9%.两样地群落更新良好,径级结构均呈倒“J”型.云冷杉林样地,臭冷杉径级结构呈倒“J”型,长白落叶松径级结构呈正态分布;落叶松林样地,长白落叶松胸径≥10 cm个体的径级结构呈正态分布.主要物种空间分布在两个样地中随径级和空间尺度的变化表现出不同的格局,共有种在不同样地间表现出不同的格局.

Abstract: Spruce-fir forest is the best protected forest vegetation, while larch forest is intrazonal vegetation on the northern slope of Changbai Mountains. To further understand their species composition and community structure, we established a 4 hm² forest permanent plot in each of these two forests in 2010. All free-standing plant species with DBH (diameter at breast height) ≥1 cm were mapped, tagged, and identified to species. The results showed that there were 9257 stems belonging to 8640 genotype individuals, 22 species, 6 genera and 12 families in the sprucefir forest plot, while 4060 stems belonging to 3696 genotype individuals, 22 species, 8 genera and 16 families in the larch forest plot. Species composition in the two plots was very similar. Most of the species belonged to the Changbai Mountains plant flora. The analysis of species’ importance values showed that there were dominant species in both communities. The spruce-fir forest was dominated by Abies nephrolepis and Larix olgensis, whose importance values accounted for 38.7% and 23.9% of the sum of importance values over all species in the plot, respectively. The larch forest was dominated solely by L. olgensis, whose importance value accounted for 61.9% of the sum of importance values over all species in the plot. Both forests were in good condition of regeneration and showed a reversed ‘J’ type in tree size distributions at community level. However, different species showed different shapes in size distribution in the two forests. A. nephrolepis showed a reversed ‘J’ type size distribution in the spruce-fir forest, while L. olgensis with DBH≥10 cm showed a hump-shaped distribution in the larch forest. Spatial distribution patterns of the main species changed differently with size class and spatial scales. Common species had different spatial distribution patterns in the two plots.

匡旭1,2,邢丁亮1,2,张昭臣1,2,宋厚娟1,2,王芸芸1,2,房帅1,2,原作强1,叶吉1,蔺菲1,2,王绪高1,郝占庆1**. 长白山北坡云冷杉林和落叶松林物种组成与群落结构[J]. 应用生态学报.

KUANG Xu1,2, XING Ding-liang1,2, ZHANG Zhao-chen1,2, SONG Hou-juan1,2, WANG Yun-yun1,2, FANG Shuai1,2, YUAN Zuo-qiang1, YE Ji1, LIN Fei1,2, WANG Xu-gao1, HAO Zhan-qing1. Species composition and community structure of a spruce-fir forest and a larch forest on the northern slope of Changbai Mountains, Northeast China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.