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果实大小对油茶象幼虫生长的影响

李志文,何立红,马玲,夏姣,曾爱平**   

  1. (湖南农业大学昆虫研究所/植物病虫害生物学与防控湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410128)
  • 出版日期:2014-12-18 发布日期:2014-12-18

Influence of fruit size of Camellia meiocarpa on growth of oil tea weevil, Curculio chinensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

LI Zhi-wen, HE Li-hong, MA Ling, XIA Jiao, ZENG Ai-ping   

  1. (Institute of Insect, Hunan Agricultural University/ Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Changsha 410128, China)
  • Online:2014-12-18 Published:2014-12-18

摘要:

为了明确小果油茶果实大小对油茶象幼虫生长发育的限制作用,采用Logistic方程对油茶象老熟幼虫体质量与其寄主果实体积大小的关系进行了拟合.结果表明: 油茶象幼虫体质量随果实体积增大而增长,符合Logistic模型;油茶象幼虫体质量增长符合边际效应递减原则,可分为快速增长阶段(<3.216 cm3,每果1头;<4.747 cm3,每果2头)和渐进增长阶段(>3.216 cm3,每果1头;>4.747 cm3,每果2头);油茶象寄生的最小果实阈值为1.500 cm3(每果1头)或2.539 cm3(每果2头).明确了落果中油茶象老熟幼虫逃逸的时间格局,果实收集后幼虫逃逸数量逐天递减,逃逸高峰期集中在6:00—10:00,占43.9%,尤以7:00—8:00为甚,占21.1%;幼虫体质量越大,逃逸越早.寄主果实大小对油茶象幼虫生长发育具有限制作用,亲代雌虫选择大果实产卵是增加后代适合度的一种行为适应策略.

 

Abstract: The relationship between mature larval mass of oil tea weevil (Curculio chinensis) and fruit volume of its host plant oil tea (Camellia meiocarpa) was fitted with Logistic equation in order to understand the restriction of host fruit size on large larval growth and development of the weevil. The results showed that the larval mass increased with the increasing host fruit volume, which was in good conformity with the Logistic model. The weevil larval growth followed the principle of diminishing marginal utility, and it could be divided into two periods, the fastgrowing period (<3.216 cm3, one larva per fruit; <4.747 cm3, two larvae per fruit ) and the asymptotic growing period (>3.216 cm3, one larva per fruit; >4.747 cm3, two larvae per fruit). The minimum fruit size threshold was 1.500 cm3 for one larva per fruit, and 2.539 cm3 for two larvae per fruit. The temporal pattern that the mature larvae exited from their host fruits was established, the number of larvae escaping from their host fruits decreased daily after the fruit collection, and the larval escaping peak largely appeared from 6:00 to 10:00 AM with 43.9% of total escaping number, and especially from 7:00 to 8:00 AM with 21.1% of total escaping number. The bigger the larvae, the earlier exited from their host fruits. The restriction of fruit size on growth and development of oil tea weevil was observed, and it should be a behavioral adaptation strategy to increase the offspring’s fitness for the parental weevil adults to oviposit on the bigger fruits.