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气候变化对松嫩平原水稻灌溉需水量的影响

黄志刚1,2**,王小立1,肖烨1,杨飞3,王晨溪1
  

  1. (1南阳师范学院生命科学与技术学院, 河南南阳 473061; 2中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130012; 3中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室, 北京 100101)
  • 出版日期:2015-01-18 发布日期:2015-01-18

Effect of climate change on rice irrigation water requirement in Songnen Plain, Northeast China.

HUANG Zhi-gang1,2, WANG Xiao-li1, XIAO Ye1, YANG Fei3, WANG Chen-xi1   

  1. (1Department of Life Science and Technology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, Henan, China; 2Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China; 3State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)
  • Online:2015-01-18 Published:2015-01-18

摘要:

以水稻为研究对象,选取松嫩平原20个国家气象台站和国家气象中心提供的格点气象数据,采用作物系数法和McCloud模型及PM模型估算水稻需水量,应用水量平衡模型估算水稻灌溉需水量,分析水稻生育期内需水量变化规律.结果表明: 历史时期和气候变化情景下,松嫩平原水稻全生育期和生育中期(Lmid时段)灌溉需水量等值线沿西南东北方向递减,同一灌溉需水量等值线北移.历史时期和气候变化情景下水稻全生育期灌溉需水量随年代呈波动增加趋势,其中前者以44.2 mm·10 a-1速度增加,后者以19.9 mm·10 a-1速度增加.历史时期和气候变化情景下Lmid时段水稻灌溉需水量随年代均呈波动增加趋势,其中前者显著增加,后者增加不显著.气候变化情景对水稻需水量的贡献率为波动上升,与1970s相比,2000s气候变化对水稻需水量的贡献率为23.6%,增加14.8×108 m3灌溉水量;2040s气候变化对水稻需水量的贡献率为34.4%,增加21.2×108 m3灌溉水量.
 
 

Abstract:

Based on meteorological data from China national weather stations and climate scenario grid data through regional climate model provided by National Climate Center, rice water requirement was calculated by using McCloud model and PenmanMonteith model combined with crop coefficient approach. Then the rice irrigation water requirement was estimated by water balance model, and the changes of rice water requirement were analyzed. The results indicated that either in historical period or in climate scenario, rice irrigation water requirement contour lines during the whole growth period and Lmid period decreased along southwest to northeast, and the same irrigation water requirement contour line moved north with decade alternation. Rice irrigation water requirement during the whole growth period increased fluctuantly with decade alternation at 44.2 mm·10 a-1 in historical period and 19.9 mm·10 a-1 in climate scenario. The increase in rice irrigation water requirement during the Lmid period with decade alternation was significant in historical period, but not significant in climate scenario. Contribution rate of climate change to rice irrigation water requirement would be fluctuantly increased with decade alternation in climate scenario. Compared with 1970s, contribution rates of climate change to rice irrigation water requirement were 23.6% in 2000s and 34.4% in 2040s, which increased 14.8×108 m3 irrigation water in 2000s and would increase 21.2×108 m3 irrigation water in 2040s.