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基于MaxEnt模型和GIS的青藏高原紫花针茅分布格局模拟

胡忠俊1,2,3,张镱锂1,2**,于海彬1   

  1. (1中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室, 北京 100101; 2中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心, 北京 100101; 3中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2015-02-18 发布日期:2015-02-18

Simulation of Stipa purpurea distribution pattern on Tibetan Plateau based on MaxEnt model and GIS

HU Zhong-jun1,2,3, ZHANG Yi-li1,2, Yu Hai-bin1   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing 100101, China;  2Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
  • Online:2015-02-18 Published:2015-02-18

摘要:

气候变化对物种分布的影响是生物地理学研究的热点问题.本研究以广泛分布在青藏高原高寒草甸区域的建群种紫花针茅为研究对象,通过植物标本库查询和实地调查了解紫花针茅在青藏高原的分布情况,利用MaxEnt模型模拟紫花针茅在青藏高原历史、当前及未来的分布趋势,分析紫花针茅各历史时期的分布格局,探讨了物种分布变化的产生原因.结果表明: 青藏高寒草地的针茅属物种具有较高的物种多样性,代表性植物紫花针茅的主要分布区域为青藏高原腹地及沿喜马拉雅地区;紫花针茅的分布强烈地受最暖季降水量、最湿季降水量和年均降水量的控制.依据紫花针茅在末次冰期的分布格局以及青藏高原的地理地质特点,研究认为: 冰期来临时,羌塘以南藏北核心区和喜马拉雅西部阿里地区是紫花针茅潜在分布的核心区,此处提供了比其他地区更适合紫花针茅生存的栖息地,这些区域成为紫花针茅的避难所,当前的紫花针茅都是从这些避难所迁移并扩展开来.生物避难所的存在有助于理解青藏高原高寒植被起源和分化的相关问题.
 

Abstract: The impact of climate change on species distribution is a hot issue in biogeography research. This study utilized the constructive species Stipa purpurea as the research object, which was widely distributed in alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau, investigated its distribution in the Tibetan Plateau through the field survey and herbarium search, and used MaxEnt model to simulate its historical, current and future distribution trends to analyze its distribution pattern in each historical period and explore the cause of species distribution changes. Research results showed that diversity of Stipa species in alpine grassland of the Tibetan Plateau was high, its main distribution area was the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau and areas along the Himalaya, and its distribution was strongly affected by precipitation of warmest quarter, precipitation of wettest quarter and annual precipitation. According to the distribution pattern of S. purpurea in the Last Glacial Maximum, and geographical and geological features of the Tibetan Plateau, this paper proposed that: North Tibet core area of South Qiangtang and Ali region of west Himalaya mountainous area were the core area of the potential distribution for S. purpurea, since these regions could provide more suitable habitats for S. purpurea than other regions and be the refugia where the current S. purpurea was migrated and differentiated from. The presence of refugia may contribute to the understanding of related issues of the alpine plants’ origin and differentiation in the Tibetan Plateau.