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施肥深度对矮化苹果15N尿素吸收、利用及损失的影响

丁宁1,陈倩2,许海港1,季萌萌1,姜翰1,姜远茂1**   

  1. (1山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018; 2青州市果树站, 山东青州 262500)
  • 出版日期:2015-03-18 发布日期:2015-03-18

Effect of fertilization depth on 15Nurea absorption, utilization and loss in dwarf apple trees.

DING Ning1, CHEN Qian2, XU Hai-gang1, JI Meng-meng1, JIANG Han1, JIANG Yuan-mao1   

  1. (1College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018,  Shandong, China;  2Qingzhou City Fruit Stand, Qingzhou 262500,  Shandong, China)
  • Online:2015-03-18 Published:2015-03-18

摘要:

以5年生烟富3/M26/平邑甜茶为试材,采用15N同位素示踪技术,研究表层(0 cm)、上层(20 cm)和中层(40 cm)3个施肥深度对矮化苹果15N尿素吸收、分配及利用特性的影响.结果表明: 20 cm施肥处理的叶面积、叶绿素含量和叶片全氮含量显著高于0和40 cm施肥处理.不同施肥处理各器官从肥料中吸收分配到的15N量对该器官全氮量的贡献率(Ndff)存在显著差异,盛花期均以根的Ndff最高,多年生枝次之;新梢旺长期和花芽分化期根部吸收的15N优先向新生营养器官转运;果实膨大期各器官Ndff均达到较高水平;果实成熟期均以果实中的Ndff最高.果实成熟期不同施肥处理的15N分配率存在显著差异,20 cm施肥处理生殖器官和营养器官的15N分配率显著高于0和40 cm施肥处理,而贮藏器官的15N分配率显著低于0和40 cm施肥处理.在果实成熟期,20 cm施肥处理15N肥料利用率为24.0%,显著高于0 cm(14.1%)和40 cm施肥处理(7.6%),而15N损失率为54.0%,显著低于0 cm(67.8%)和40 cm施肥处理(63.5%).不同施肥深度土壤15N残留量随施肥深度的增加而显著增加.
 

Abstract: Five-year-old ‘Fuji’3/M26/M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings were treated by 15N tracer to study the effects of fertilization depth (0, 20 and 40 cm) on 15Nurea absorption, distribution, utilization and loss in soil. The results showed that the plant leaf area, chlorophyll content and total N of apple leaves in 20 cm treatment were obviously higher than 0 cm and 40 cm treatments. The 15N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) in different organs of apple plant under different depths were significantly different, and the Ndff was the highest in roots at the fullbloom stage, and then in perennial branches. During the shoot rapidgrowing and flower bud differentiation stage, the Ndff of new organs higher than that of the storage organs, and the Ndff of different organs were high level at fruit rapidexpanding stage, and the Ndff of fruit was the highest. The distribution ratio of 15N at fruit maturity stage was significantly different under fertilization depths, and that of the vegetative and reproductive organs of 20 cm treatment were obviously higher than 0 cm and 40 cm treatments, but that of the storage organs of 20 cm treatment was lower than 0 cm and 40 cm treatments. At fruit maturity stage, 15N utilization rate of apple plant of 20 cm treatment was 24.0%, which was obviously higher than 0 cm (14.1%) and 40 cm (7.6%) treatments, and 15N loss rate was 54.0%, which was obviously lower than 0 cm (67.8%) and 40 cm (63.5%) treatments. With the increase of fertilization depths, the N residue in soil increased sharply.