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不同施钾时期对红富士苹果产量和品质的影响

路永莉1,2,杨宪龙1,2,李茹3,李水利3,同延安1,2**   

  1. (1西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,  陕西杨凌 712100;  2农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,  陕西杨凌 712100;  3陕西省土壤肥料工作站,  西安 710003)
  • 出版日期:2015-04-18 发布日期:2015-04-18

Effects of different potassium fertilizer application periods on the yield and quality of Fuji apple.

LU Yong-li1,2, YANG Xian-long1,2, LI Ru3, LI Shui-li3, TONG Yan-an1,2   

  1. (1College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; 2Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agrienvironment in Northwest China, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; 3Soil and Fertilizer Station of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710003, China)
  • Online:2015-04-18 Published:2015-04-18

摘要: 通过大田试验研究了钾肥不同施用时期对红富士苹果产量、品质、钾肥利用效率及叶片和果实养分含量的影响.结果表明:与对照(不施钾)相比,增施钾肥显著提高了苹果产量4.3%~33.2%,且具有明显改善果品质量的作用.与100%钾基施相比,膨大期施钾处理(50%基施+50%膨大期施、50%花后施+50%膨大期施、100%膨大期施)苹果产量显著增加20.5%~27.7%,果品质量亦有所改善.50%基施+50%膨大期施和50%花后施+50%膨大期施钾处理在苹果增产和改善品质的基础上,明显提高了果园的钾肥利用效率,并维持了果实生长周期中叶片钾含量的相对稳定,为树体钾素的持续供应提供了保障.然而,50%花后施+50%膨大期施钾处理果实钙含量显著下降,不利于果实后期贮藏.综合考虑,50%基施+50%膨大期施为果园钾肥施用的最佳时期.

Abstract:

In order to ascertain the effects of potassium fertilizer application periods on apple production, we conducted a field experiment and analyzed the differences in apple yield, fruit quality, potassium fertilizer use efficiency, and nutrient concentrations in leaves and fruits among treatments with differences in timing of  potassium application. The results indicated that, compared with no potassiumapplied treatment (CK), all potassium fertilizer application treatments significantly increased the apple yield by 4.3%-33.2%, meanwhile, it also obviously improved the fruit quality. In comparison with the application of 100% potassium fertilizer as a base, the application of 50% or 100% of potassium fertilizer at the fruit enlargement stage (the remaining 50% applied as a base or after flowering) significantly increased the apple yield by 20.5%-27.7% and improved the fruit quality. Compared with the application 100% potassium fertilizer  at the stage of fruit enlargement, the evenly split application as base  flowering stage and  at the fruit enlargement stage not only contributed to a higher yield, better quality and higher potassium use efficiency, but also maintained a relatively stable potassium concentration level in leaves. However, the split potassium fertilizer application at the flowering and fruit enlargement stages resulted in the significant decrease in concentration of calcium in fruit, which would be negative to fruit quality. In conclusion,  our research suggested that evenly split application of potassium fertilizer as a base and  at the fruit enlargement stage was the suitable period for apple production in Fuji apple orchards in this region.