耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤微生物数量、酶活性及作物产量的影响

应用生态学报

耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤微生物数量、酶活性及作物产量的影响

赵亚丽^1,2,3,郭海斌^1,4,薛志伟¹,穆心愿¹,李潮海^1,2,3**

(¹河南农业大学农学院, 郑州 450002; ²河南粮食作物协同创新中心, 郑州 450002; ^3小麦玉米作物学国家重点实验室, 郑州 450002; ^4河南省驻马店市农业科学院, 河南驻马店 463000)

出版日期:2015-06-18 发布日期:2015-06-18

Effects of tillage and straw returning on microorganism quantity, enzyme activities in soils and grain yield.

ZHAO Ya-li^1,2,3, GUO Hai-bin^1,4, XUE Zhi-wei¹, MU Xin-yuan¹, LI Chao-hai^1,2,3

(¹College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; ^2Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, China; ³National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China; ^4Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China）

Online:2015-06-18 Published:2015-06-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过两年田间裂区设计试验,研究了不同土壤耕作方式(常规耕作、深耕、深松)与秸秆还田(秸秆还田、秸秆不还田)对冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟农田土壤微生物数量、酶活性和作物产量的影响.结果表明: 深松(耕)和秸秆还田不仅降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤有机碳含量,而且增加了土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性和作物产量,且二者对夏玉米季的影响大于冬小麦季.与常规耕作+无秸秆还田相比,深耕+秸秆还田、深松+秸秆还田处理的20～30 cm土壤容重分别降低8.5%和6.6%,土壤有机碳含量分别提高14.8%和12.4%,土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性分别提高45.9%、33.9%和34.1%、25.2%,作物产量分别提高18.0%和19.3%,且两处理间无显著差异.说明土壤深松(耕)结合秸秆还田有利于作物产量、土壤微生物数量和酶活性的提高.

Abstract:

A two-year field study with split plot design was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil tillage (conventional tillage, CT; deep tillage, DT; subsoil tillage, ST) and straw returning (all straw retention, AS; no straw returning, NS) on microorganism quantity, enzyme activities in soil and grain yield. The results showed that, deep or subsoil tillage and straw returning not only reduced the soil bulk density and promoted the content of organic carbon in soil, but increased the soil microbial quantity, soil enzyme activities and grain yield. Furthermore, such influences in maize season were greater than that in wheat season. Compared with CT+NS, DT+AS and ST+AS decreased the soil bulk density at 20-30 cm depth by 8.5% and 6.6%, increased the content of soil organic carbon by 14.8% and 12.4%, increased the microorganism quantity by 45.9% and 33.9%, increased the soil enzyme activities by 34.1% and 25.5%, increased the grain yield by 18.0% and 19.3%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between DT+AS and ST+AS. We concluded that retaining crop residue and deep or subsoil tillage improved soil microorganism quantity, enzyme activities and crop yield.

赵亚丽1,2,3,郭海斌1,4,薛志伟1,穆心愿1,李潮海1,2,3**. 耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤微生物数量、酶活性及作物产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

ZHAO Ya-li1,2,3, GUO Hai-bin1,4, XUE Zhi-wei1, MU Xin-yuan1, LI Chao-hai1,2,3. Effects of tillage and straw returning on microorganism quantity, enzyme activities in soils and grain yield.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.