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适宜印度块菌生长的地形和土壤因子

清源1,3,戢林2,李廷轩2,李小林4,柳成益5,杨梅5,郑林用1,4**   

  1. (1四川大学生命科学学院生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室, 成都 610064; 2四川农业大学资源学院, 成都 611130; 3西昌学院, 四川西昌 615013; 4四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所, 成都 610066; 5攀枝花市农林科学研究院, 四川攀枝花 617061)
  • 出版日期:2015-06-18 发布日期:2015-06-18

Topographical and pedological factors adapted to the growth of domestic truffles (Tuber indicum).

QING Yuan1,3, JI Lin2, LI Ting-xuan2, LI Xiao-lin4, LIU Cheng-yi5, YANG Mei5, ZHENG Lin-yong 1,4    

  1. (1Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; 2College of Resource and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; 3Department of Light Chemical Engineering, Xichang College, Xichang 615013, Sichuan, China; 4Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; 5Sichuan Panzhihua Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Panzhihua 617061, Sichuan, China)
  • Online:2015-06-18 Published:2015-06-18

摘要:

在云南、四川和西藏印度块菌产区的9个地点进行调查和采样,选择地形因子和土壤因子为评价指标,采用主成分分析法对印度块菌生长适宜性进行综合评价,以确定印度块菌的生长与地形因子和土壤因子的关系.结果表明: 1)地形因子和土壤因子15个指标中提取出的5个主成分,累计贡献率达到87.5%.地形因子中坡位对块菌生长的影响最大,坡位越高越不适宜块菌生长,以中坡和中下坡最佳.2)土壤因子中容重、粉粒含量、pH值、全氮含量、交换性钙镁含量是块菌生长的限制因子.容重为0.65~0.82 g·cm-3适宜块菌生长,而容重过高(>1 g·cm-3)不利于块菌的生长;粉粒含量为30.0%、砂粒含量为55.0%左右适宜块菌的生长,而粘粒含量过高不利于块菌的生长.在土壤化学因子中, pH值在6.40左右、全氮为2.29~3.70 g·kg-1、交换性钙为22.91~37.17 cmol·kg-1、交换性镁含量为1.85~2.59 cmol·kg-1的环境条件适宜块菌生长.3)综合评价表明,在9个采集地点,云南省昆明市哨上村和西藏自治区林芝地区江色岗得分较高,其地形和土壤条件最适合块菌生长;而四川省攀枝花市二十九梁子和云南省楚雄州五顶山得分较低,其地形和土壤条件不太适宜印度块菌生长.

 

Abstract: Topographical and pedological factors at 9 sites of Tuber indicum in Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet were studied by using principal component analysis in order to determine the connection between trufflegrowth with topographic factors and soil factors. Results showed that: 1) The 5 principal components selected from 15 topographical and pedological factors had a great cumulative contribution, up to 87.5%. Among the topographical factors, the slope position was the most important ecological factor affecting truffles growth. The higher the slope position was, the less conducive to truffles growth. In the middle and lower parts of the slope, T. indicum grew best. 2) As for the
pedological factors, the bulk density, silt content, pH, total nitrogen content, exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents were the important factors restricting T. indicum growth. Under the condition of bulk density 0.65-0.82 g·cm-3, silt content 30.0% and sand content about 55.0%, T. indicum grew well. Too high bulk density or clay content was not conducive to its growth. The soil with pH 6.40 or so, total nitrogen content of 2.29-3.70 g·kg-1, exchangeable calcium content of
22.91-37.17 cmol·kg-1 and exchangeable magnesium content of 1.85-2.59 cmol·kg-1 were favorable for growth of T. indicum. 3) The comprehensive evaluation showed that the site at Shaoshang Village in Kunming, Yunnan and Jiangsegang Village in Linzhi Prefecture, Tibet had higher scores, which meant these two sites had the most favorable conditions for truffles growth. However, the site at Ershijiuliangzi Village in Panzhihua, Sichuan and the Mt. Wuding in Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan had lower scores, which meant these two sites were not fit for truffles growth regarding the topographical and soil conditions.