玉米-大豆带状套作下玉米株型对大豆干物质积累和产量形成的影响

应用生态学报

玉米-大豆带状套作下玉米株型对大豆干物质积累和产量形成的影响

崔亮,杨文钰^**,黄妮,刘江,王艳玲,王晓慧,刘洋,颜寿

(四川农业大学农学院/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 四川温江 611130)

出版日期:2015-08-18 发布日期:2015-08-18

Effects of maize plant types on dry matter accumulation characteristics and yield of soybean in maizesoybean intercropping systems.

CUI Liang, YANG Wen-yu, HUANG Ni, LIU Jiang, WANG Yan-ling, WANG Xiao-hui, LIU Yang, YAN Shou

(College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agriculture University/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China)

Online:2015-08-18 Published:2015-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过田间试验, 以大豆单作为对照，设置登海605/贡选1号(RI₁)、川单418/贡选1号(RI₂)、雅玉13/贡选1号(RI₃)3种玉米大豆带状套作种植模式，研究了玉米株型对大豆干物质积累和产量的影响.结果表明： RI₂和RI₃处理大豆的积累速率低于RI₁处理，且RI₁处理大豆叶片、茎秆和荚果的干物质积累量分别比RI₂和RI₃处理高17.6%、16.5%、13.7%和34.6%、33.1%、28.4%.带状套作大豆叶片、茎秆的分配比例均以RI₁处理最高、RI₂处理其次、RI₃处理最低，而荚果分配比例的变化趋势与其相反.与RI₂和RI₃处理相比，RI_1处理显著提高了大豆营养器官(叶+茎)干物质向荚果的转运量、转移率及其对荚果的贡献率，RI₁处理大豆的单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数、单株粒质量和产量分别比RI₂和RI₃处理提高了6.8%、11.5%、4.4%、15.9%、15.6%和14.3%、22.2%、6.7%、33.4%、36.8%.带状套作大豆营养器官干物质的积累速率、转运量、转移率和贡献率与产量及产量的构成呈显著正相关，且均以RI_1处理最高，实现了紧凑型玉米对带状套作大豆干物质积累、转运和分配的有效调控，促进了产量的提高.

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of maize plant types on dry matter accumulation and yield of soybean, a field experiment was conducted in 2013, including three maizesoybean relay strip intercropping systems. The relay strip intercropping systems were designed as soybean (Gongxuan 1) intercropped with Denghai 605 (RI₁), Chuandan 418 (RI₂) or Yayu 13 (RI₃), and the monocultured soybean was used as control. The results demonstrated that the dry matter accumulation rates of intercropped soybean in RI₂ and RI₃ treatments were lower than in RI₁ treatment, and the leaf, stem and pod dry matter accumulation of intercropped soybean in RI₁ treatment was 17.6%, 16.5% and 13.7% higher than that in RI₂ treatment, and 34.6%, 33.1% and 28.4% higher than that in RI₃ treatment, respectively. The distribution proportion of leaf and stem of intercropped soybean was in the order of RI1 > RI2 > RI3. However, the trend of the distribution proportion of pod was opposite. Compared with RI₂ and RI3, the dry matter translocation amount, translocation proportion, contribution proportion of soybean vegetative organs to pod of soybean were improved in RI₁ treatment, and the pod per plant, seeds per plant, seeds per pod, yield per plant and yield of soybean in RI₁ were higher than RI₂ and RI₃ by 6.8%, 11.5%, 4.4%, 15.9%, 15.6% and 14.3%, 22.2%, 6.7%, 33.4%, 36.8%, respectively. The results showed that the yield was positively related with the accumulation rate of dry matter, dry matter translocation, dry matter translocation ratio and the contribution of dry matter accumulation, and these indices were highest in RI₁ treatment. The results indicated that the compact maize relay intercropped with soybean could effectively regulate the dry matter accumulation, translocation and distribution, and improve the yield of soybean.

崔亮,杨文钰**,黄妮,刘江,王艳玲,王晓慧,刘洋,颜寿. 玉米-大豆带状套作下玉米株型对大豆干物质积累和产量形成的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

CUI Liang, YANG Wen-yu, HUANG Ni, LIU Jiang, WANG Yan-ling, WANG Xiao-hui, LIU Yang, YAN Shou. Effects of maize plant types on dry matter accumulation characteristics and yield of soybean in maizesoybean intercropping systems.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.