栽培模式对冬小麦光能利用和产量的影响

应用生态学报

栽培模式对冬小麦光能利用和产量的影响

王月超^1,2,李传兴^1,2,代兴龙^1,2,周晓燕³,张宇^1,2,李华英^1,2,贺明荣^1,2**

(¹山东农业大学农学院, 山东泰安 271018; ²作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018; ³临沂大学生命科学学院, 山东临沂 276000)

出版日期:2015-09-18 发布日期:2015-09-18

Effects of cultivation patterns on the radiation use and grain yield of winter wheat.

WANG Yue-chao^1,2, LI Chuan-xing^1,2, DAI Xing-long^1,2, ZHOU Xiao-yan³, ZHANG Yu^1,2, LI Hua-ying^1,2, HE Ming-rong^1,2

(¹College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’〖KG-*4〗an 271018, Shandong, China; ²State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’〖KG-*4〗an 271018, Shandong, China; ^3College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China)

Online:2015-09-18 Published:2015-09-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以‘泰农18’小麦为材料,于2012—2013年进行大田试验,设置当地农民习惯栽培模式(FP)、超高产栽培模式(SH)和高产高效栽培模式(HH)3个处理,研究了不同栽培模式对小麦光能截获量、光能利用效率、干物质积累量、收获指数、籽粒产量和肥料偏生产力的影响.结果表明: SH模式小麦全生育期的光能截获量、光能利用效率、干物质积累量和籽粒产量显著高于FP模式.相对于FP模式,虽然HH模式的小麦全生育期光能截获量较低,但其光能利用效率、干物质积累量及收获指数均显著提高,从而使其籽粒产量显著提高.相对于SH模式,虽然HH模式的籽粒产量在高、低肥力水平下分别降低3.8%和2.8%,而氮、磷、钾肥的偏生产力在两肥力水平下分别提高26.4%、68.5%、92.6%.在本试验条件下,综合考虑籽粒产量和养分利用效率,以“降肥、增密、延播”为技术特点的高产高效栽培模式为推荐的优化栽培模式.

Abstract: Taking winter wheat cultivar ‘Tainong 18’ as test material, this paper set three treatments, local farmer’s traditional cultivation pattern (FP), super high yield pattern (SH) and high yield high efficiency pattern (HH) to investigate the effects of cultivation patterns on the intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), PAR use efficiency (RUE), dry matter (DM) accumulation, harvest index (HI), grain yield and fertilizers’ partial factor productivity (PFP) in 2012-2013. The results showed that IPAR, RUE and DM accumulation of the total growth stage and grain yield under SH pattern were significantly higher than those under FP pattern. IPAR of the total growth stage under HH pattern was lower than that under FP pattern, but RUE, DM accumulation and HI were significantly higher than that under FP pattern, so grain yield was higher than that under FP pattern. The grain yields under HH pattern were respectively decreased by 3.8% and 2.8% under high and low fertility levels compared that under SH pattern, while the PFP of N, P and K under HH pattern were averagely 26.4%, 68.5% and 92.6% higher than those under SH pattern, respectively. In conclusion, HH pattern, with the characteristics of ‘reducing fertilizer’, ‘increasing planting density’ and ‘delaying sowing date’, was the recommended cultivation pattern under the condition similar to this experiment balancing the grain yield, radiation use and fertilizer use.

王月超1,2,李传兴1,2,代兴龙1,2,周晓燕3,张宇1,2,李华英1,2,贺明荣1,2**. 栽培模式对冬小麦光能利用和产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

WANG Yue-chao1,2, LI Chuan-xing1,2, DAI Xing-long1,2, ZHOU Xiao-yan3, ZHANG Yu1,2, LI Hua-ying1,2, HE Ming-rong1,2. Effects of cultivation patterns on the radiation use and grain yield of winter wheat.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.