氮肥后移对抽穗后水分胁迫下冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响

应用生态学报

氮肥后移对抽穗后水分胁迫下冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响

杨明达^1,2,马守臣³,杨慎骄⁴,张素瑜²,关小康²,李学梅¹,王同朝²,李春喜^1**

(¹河南师范大学生命科学学院, 河南新乡 453007; ²河南农业大学农学院/河南粮食作物协同创新中心, 郑州 450002; ³河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院, 河南焦作 454000; ⁴中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所, 河南新乡 453003)

出版日期:2015-11-18 发布日期:2015-11-18

Effects of postponing nitrogen application on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat subjected to water stress after heading stage.

YANG Ming-da^1,2, MA Shou-chen³, YANG Shen-jiao⁴, ZHANG Su-yu², GUAN Xiao-kang², LI Xue-mei¹, WANG Tong-chao², LI Chun-xi^1

(¹College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China; ^2 College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou 450002, China; ³School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China; ⁴Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China)

Online:2015-11-18 Published:2015-11-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用子母桶栽土培法模拟冬小麦抽穗后不同的水分胁迫状态，研究了氮肥后移对冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响.设置3个氮肥处理，分别为N₁(基肥∶拔节肥∶开花肥=10∶0∶0)、N₂(6∶4∶0)和N₃(4∶3∶3)，模拟冬小麦抽穗后2种水分胁迫(渍水胁迫、干旱胁迫)，设正常供水为对照.结果表明：相同供水条件下，N₂和N₃处理较N₁处理显著提高冬小麦灌浆期旗叶的SPAD和光合速率，确保了收获时较高的穗数、穗粒数和地上部分生物量；氮肥后移处理显著提高了冬小麦的耗水量，但其籽粒产量和水分利用效率也显著提高.相同氮肥条件下，干旱胁迫和渍水胁迫处理较正常供水显著降低了冬小麦开花期和灌浆期旗叶的光合速率、千粒重、穗粒数和产量.与正常供水相比，各氮肥条件下干旱胁迫和渍水胁迫处理花后旗叶光合速率及籽粒产量的减小幅度均表现为N₁＞N₂＞N₃.表明氮肥后移通过提高旗叶SPAD、减缓花后旗叶光合速率的下降幅度、增加地上部分干物质积累量，调控产量及其构成要素，以减轻逆境灾害(干旱和渍水胁迫)对产量的影响.

Abstract: A pot culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of postponing nitrogen (N) application on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat subjected to water stress after heading stage. Equal in the total N rate in winter wheat growth season, N application was split before sowing, and/or at jointing and /or at anthesis at the ratio of 10:0:0 (N₁), 6:4:0 (N₂) and 4:3:3 (N₃), combined with unfavorable water condition (either waterlogged or drought) with the sufficient water condition as control. The results showed that, under each of the water condition, both N₂ and N₃ treatments significantly improved the leaf photosynthetic rate and the SPAD value of flag leaf compared with N₁ treatment during grain filling stage, and also the crop ear number, grain number per spike and aboveground biomass were increased. Although postponing nitrogen application increased water consumption, both grain yield and water use efficiency were increased. Compared with sufficient water supply, drought stress and waterlogging stress significantly reduced the photosynthetic rate of flag leaves at anthesis and grain filling stages, ear number, 1000grain mass and yield under all of the N application patterns. The decline of photosynthetic rate under either drought stress or waterlogging stress was much less in N₂ and N₃ than in N₁ treatments, just the same as the grain yield. The results indicated that postponing nitrogen application could regulate winter wheat yield as well as its components to alleviate the damages caused by unfavorable water stress by increasing flag leaf SPAD and maintaining flag leaf photosynthetic rate after anthesis, and promoting aboveground dry matter accumulation.

杨明达1,2,马守臣3,杨慎骄4,张素瑜2,关小康2,李学梅1,王同朝2,李春喜1**. 氮肥后移对抽穗后水分胁迫下冬小麦光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报.

YANG Ming-da1,2, MA Shou-chen3, YANG Shen-jiao4, ZHANG Su-yu2, GUAN Xiao-kang2, LI Xue-mei1, WANG Tong-chao2, LI Chun-xi1. Effects of postponing nitrogen application on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat subjected to water stress after heading stage.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.