长江口棘头梅童鱼食物组成和摄食习性的季节变

应用生态学报

长江口棘头梅童鱼食物组成和摄食习性的季节变

王建锋^1,2,赵峰^1*,宋超¹,杨刚¹,侯俊利¹,庄平^1,2

(¹中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室/农业部东海与长江口渔业资源环境科学观测实验站, 上海 200090; ^2南京农业大学无锡渔业学院, 江苏无锡 214081)

出版日期:2016-01-18 发布日期:2016-01-18

Diet composition and seasonal variation in feeding habits of Collichthy lucidus in Yangtze Estuary, China.

WANG Jian-feng^1,2, ZHAO Feng^1*, SONG Chao¹, YANG Gang¹, HOU Jun-li¹, ZHUANG Ping^1,2

(¹Key Laboratory of the East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fisheries Resources and Environment of East China Sea and Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Agriculture， East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; ²Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China)

Online:2016-01-18 Published:2016-01-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 棘头梅童鱼是长江口水域的常见小型经济鱼类，具有一定的捕捞价值.为了解长江口棘头梅童鱼食物组成和摄食习性的季节变化，本研究利用胃含物分析法对2013年11月—2014年8月在长江口水域捕获的棘头梅童鱼样本进行了分析.结果表明：长江口棘头梅童鱼全年摄食的饵料生物有8目30种，其中虾类(游泳亚目)是主要饵料生物，相对重要性指数百分比(IRI%)为38.5，优势指数(Ip)为79.1；其次为糠虾目和磷虾目.全年饵料生物中的主要优势种类为葛氏长臂虾、安氏白虾、脊尾白虾、长额刺糠虾、短额刺糠虾、光背节鞭水虱和中华哲水蚤等.饵料生物优势种存在季节差异，春季和夏季的主要优势种均为葛氏长臂虾、安氏白虾和短额刺糠虾，秋季主要优势种为长额刺糠虾、短额刺糠虾和脊尾白虾，冬季主要优势种为葛氏长臂虾、中华哲水蚤和中华假磷虾.长江口棘头梅童鱼全年空胃率为10.4%，冬季最高，秋季最低；全年平均胃饱满系数为0.6%，冬季最低，春季最高，摄食习性存在季节变化.

Abstract: Spiny head croaker (Collichthy lucidus) is an important bottom fish distributing from the East China Sea to the Yellow Sea. In order to investigate the seasonal variation in diet composition and feeding habits, a total of 270 specimens were collected in the Yangtze Estuary from November, 2013 to August, 2014, and analyzed by using the stomach contents analysis method. The importance of different prey items was evaluated by the frequency of occurrence, abundance and mass followed by using these data to calculate the index of relative importance (IRI) and the index of preponderance (Ip) for each taxonomic category. The results showed that the diet of C. lucidus consisted of 30 species belonging to 8 orders, in which shrimps, with 38.5 IRI% and 79.1 Ip values, was the most important prey species. The followings were Mysidacea and Amphipoda. The dominant species in the diet of C. lucidus were Palaemon gravieri, Exopalaemon annandalei, E. carinicauda, Acanthomysis longirostris, A. brevirostris, Synidotea laevidorsalis and Calanus sinicus. The dominant species in the diet varied in different seasons. P. gravieri, E. annandalei and A. brevirostris were dominant species in spring and summer, A. longirostris, A. brevirostris and E. carinicauda in autumn, and P. gravieri, C. sinicus and Pesudeuphausia sinica in winter. There was 10.4% of total samples with empty stomachs, and the highest percent appeared in winter, and the lowest in autumn. The mean stomach fullness index of the whole samples was 0.6%, with the highest found in spring, the lowest in winter, indicating the feeding activity of C. lucidus varied significantly among seasons.

王建锋1,2,赵峰1*,宋超1,杨刚1,侯俊利1,庄平1,2. 长江口棘头梅童鱼食物组成和摄食习性的季节变[J]. 应用生态学报.

WANG Jian-feng1,2, ZHAO Feng1*, SONG Chao1, YANG Gang1, HOU Jun-li1, ZHUANG Ping1,2. Diet composition and seasonal variation in feeding habits of Collichthy lucidus in Yangtze Estuary, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology.