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应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (10): 3297-3304.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201710.029

• 目录 • 上一篇    下一篇

减氮配施有机肥对滴灌棉田土壤生物学性状与团聚体特性的影响

李锐,陶瑞,王丹,褚贵新   

  1. 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点试验室/石河子大学农学院, 新疆石河子 832003
  • 收稿日期:2016-12-28 修回日期:2017-06-30 出版日期:2017-10-18 发布日期:2017-10-18
  • 作者简介:李锐,女,1991年生,硕士研究生.主要从事新型肥料与现代施肥技术研究.E-mail:ruiliedu@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文由国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503116-14)资助

Effect of mineral N fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer substitution on soil biological properties and aggregate characteristics in drip-irrigated cotton field.

LI Rui, TAO Rui, WANG Dan, CHU Gui-xin*   

  1. Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group/College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2016-12-28 Revised:2017-06-30 Online:2017-10-18 Published:2017-10-18
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201503116-14).

摘要: 本文通过新疆绿洲棉田连续4年定位施肥试验,研究了不同处理[对照CK、常规化肥CF、减氮配施普通有机肥OF(80%CF+OF和60%CF+OF)、减氮配施生物有机肥BF(80%CF+BF和60%CF+BF)]对土壤生物学性状和团聚体特性的影响,探讨了土壤生物学性状与有机碳及团聚体之间的关系.结果表明:与单施化肥(CF)相比,配施生物有机肥的80%CF+BF和60%CF+BF处理均可显著提高土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、多酚氧化酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活性,其增幅分别为55.6%~84.0%、53.1%~74.0%、15.1%~38.0%、38.2%~68.0%、29.6%~52.0%和35.4%~58.9%,高量配施有机肥效果优于低量配施.各施肥处理明显提高了土壤基础呼吸,具体表现为BF>OF>CF>CK.与CF相比,60%CF+BF处理的土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳分别增加22.3%和43.5%,但微生物生物量碳氮比显著下降.>0.25 mm的水稳性团聚体在配施普通有机肥的80%CF+OF、60%CF+OF处理比对照(CK)分别增加7.1%和8.0%.80%CF+BF处理较80%CF+OF处理机械稳定性团聚体的几何平均直径(GMD)增加了9.2%.冗余(RDA)分析和聚类分析均表明,减氮增碳可明显调控滴灌棉田土壤生物活性与团聚体结构.连续4年化肥减量配施有机肥或生物有机肥,提高了土壤有机碳含量,并对团聚体稳定性和生物学性状有协同改善效应,是维持与提升绿洲滴灌棉田土壤肥力的有效途径.

Abstract: A four-year field study was conducted to determine how soil biological properties and soil aggregate stability changed when organic fertilizer and biofertilizer were used to reduce chemical fertilizer application to a drip-irrigated cotton field. The study consisted of six fertilization treatments: unfertilized (CK); chemical fertilizer (CF, 300 kg N·hm-2; 90 kg P2O5· hm-2, 60 kg K2O·hm-2); 80% CF plus 3000 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer (80%CF+OF); 60% CF plus 6000 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer (60%CF+OF); 80% CF plus 3000 kg·hm-2 biofertilizer (80%CF+BF); and 60% CF plus 6000 kg·hm-2 biofertilizer (60%CF+BF). The relationships among soil organic C, soil biological properties, and soil aggregate size distribution were determined. The results showed that organic fertilizer and biofertilizer both significantly increased soil enzyme activities. Compared with CF, the biofertilizer treatments increased urease activity by 55.6%-84.0%, alkaline phosphatise activity by 53.1%-74.0%, invertase activity by 15.1%-38.0%, β-glucosidase activity by 38.2%-68.0%, polyphenoloxidase activity by 29.6%-52.0%, and arylsulfatase activity by 35.4%-58.9%. Soil enzyme activity increased as the amount of organic fertilizer and biofertilizer increased (i.e., 60%CF+OF > 80%CF+OF, 60%CF+BF > 80%CF+BF). Soil basal respiration decreased significantly in the order BF > OF > CF > CK. Soil microbial biomass C and N were 22.3% and 43.5% greater, respectively, in 60%CF+BF than in CF. The microbial biomass C:N was significantly lower in 60%CF+BF than in CF. The organic fertilizer and the biofertilizer both improved soil aggregate structure. Soil mass in the >0.25 mm fraction was 7.1% greater in 80%CF+OF and 8.0% greater in 60%CF+OF than in CF. The geometric mean diameter was 9.2% greater in 80%CF+BF than in 80%CF+OF. Redundancy analysis and cluster analysis both demonstrated that soil aggregate structure and biological activities increased when organic fertilizer and biofertilizer were used to reduce chemical fertilizer application. In conclusion, the organic fertilizer and the biofertilizer significantly increased SOC, soil enzyme activity, and soil microbial biomass C and N. The organic fertilizers also improved soil aggregation. Therefore, soil quality could be improved by using these fertilizers to reduce chemical fertilizer application, especially under drip-irrigation.