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应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 1248-1256.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201604.019

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于足迹家族的青海省资源环境压力定量评估

马彩虹1*,赵晶2   

  1. 1宁夏大学资源环境学院, 银川 750021;
    2西安石油大学思想政治理论教学科研部, 西安 710065
  • 收稿日期:2015-07-01 修回日期:2016-01-21 出版日期:2016-04-22 发布日期:2016-04-22
  • 通讯作者: mchyanni@163.com
  • 作者简介:马彩虹,女,1974年生,博士,副教授. 主要从事GIS与国土资源评价、生态经济与区域可持续发展研究. E-mail: mchyanni@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家社会科学基金项目(14XKS019)

Quantitative evaluation of resource and environment pressure in Qinghai Province, China based on footprint family

MA Cai-hong1*, ZHAO Jing2   

  1. 1School of Resource and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
    2Ideological and Political Theory Teaching and Research Department, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
  • Received:2015-07-01 Revised:2016-01-21 Online:2016-04-22 Published:2016-04-22
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (14XKS019).2015-07-01 Received, 2016-01-21 Accepted.*

摘要: 为了系统评估人类活动对环境的影响,基于足迹家族构建了资源环境压力评价体系,对青海省的生态足迹、碳足迹、水足迹及资源环境压力作了测评.结果表明: 1990—2013年,青海省人均生态足迹由1.32 hm2增为3.32 hm2,人均生物承载力由2.33 hm2降至2.07 hm2,2006年后出现生态赤字且不断增高,但1990年以来始终存在生物质盈余;人均碳足迹由5.82 t增至15.85 t,目前已超过应对气候变化目标的7.93倍;人均水足迹从967.67 m3降低到732.05 m3.1990年以来生态压力一直较低(Ⅰb),温室气体(GHG)排放压力由较低(Ⅰb)升高到中上(Ⅱb),水资源压力很低(Ⅰa),资源环境压力由很低(Ⅰa)升高为较低(Ⅰb).生态压力和水资源压力对资源环境压力的贡献率逐渐降低,GHG排放压力的影响明显增大.资源环境压力的空间差异较大,2013年西宁市很高(Ⅲb)、海东市中上(Ⅱb)、海西州中下(Ⅱa),其他各市州很低(Ⅰa),主要压力源也具有明显的空间异质性.今后发展中,各市州应采取差异化减压策略.

Abstract: In order to effectively evaluate the influence of human activities on the resource and environment, this paper constructed an resource and environment pressure evaluation system based on footprint family, and calculated the ecological footprint, carbon footprint, water footprint, and resource and environment pressure in Qinghai Province. The results showed that from 1990 to 2013, the ecological footprint per capita in Qinghai Province increased from 1.32 hm2 to 3.32 hm2, and biological capacity per capita decreased from 2.33 hm2 to 2.07 hm2. Since 2006 there was ecological deficit. However, the biomass surplus existed during 1990-2013. The carbon footprint per capita increased from 5.82 t to 15.85 t, which had been more than 7.93 times of the target to address climate change. The water footprint per capita decreased from 967.67 m3 to 732.05 m3. Since 1990, the ecological pressure was at low grade (Ⅰb), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions pressure was enhanced from low grade (Ⅰb) to above-average grade (Ⅱb), the water pressure was at very low grade (Ⅰa), the resource and environment pressure increased from very low grade (Ⅰa) to low grade (Ⅰb). The rate of contribution of ecological pressure and water resource pressure to resources and environment pressure gradually decreased, whereas, the rate of contribution of GHG emission pressure to resources and environment pressure gradually increased. The resource and environment pressure had spatial heterogeneity. In 2013, it was at very high grade (Ⅲb) in Xining City, at above-average grade (Ⅱb) in Haidong City, at below-average grade (Ⅱa) in Haixi State and atvery low grade (Ⅰa) in the rest regions. The main resource and environment pressure source also had obvious spatial heterogeneity. In future, differentiation strategies should be taken in the decompression progress.