Abstract: As an important implementation unit of national poverty alleviation and development strategies, identifying each poverty-stricken county’s poverty degree and poverty contributing factors is the precondition and guarantee of implementing national precise poverty reduction strategies. To response to it, from the perspective of ecological poverty, this paper brought up a county-level multidimensional poverty measurement index system, which took into considerations of the sustainable development among natural environment, economy and society, and then constructed a PI-MVM multidimensional poverty measurement model to explore the destitute areas and poverty-stricken counties’ poverty degrees and poverty contributing factors, as well as their spatial distributions. The case test from 6 destitute areas and 249 counties shows that the poverty degrees of the destitute areas increase from north to south, and the counties’ poverty degrees present a trend of “increasing from north to south and from east to west”. There exists a high-high aggregation distribution both in west of Wumeng and northwest of Qinba areas. Natural environment factors play an important role in both south central of Qinba and Wumeng area, where the poverty degree is higher. Those counties with general poverty contributing type have the most cases, while those counties with dominant po-verty contributing type are gathered in smaller poverty-degree areas. The contribution of economic factors to poverty alleviation decreases gradually. On the contrary, the influences of natural environment and society factors increase obviously. This result could help policy-makers to grasp the whole poverty characteristic of poverty-stricken counties, as well as provide technical support for auxiliary decision making.