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应用生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 1219-1226.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201704.010

• 目次 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥水平对不同基因型水稻氮素利用率、产量和品质的影响

从夕汉1,2,3, 施伏芝1,2,3, 阮新民1,2,3, 罗玉祥1,2,3, 马廷臣1,2,3, 罗志祥1,2,3*   

  1. 1安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所, 合肥 230031
    2国家水稻改良中心合肥分中心, 合肥 230031
    3安徽省水稻遗传育种重点实验室, 合肥 230031
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-01 出版日期:2017-04-18 发布日期:2017-04-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: lzx6176@126.com
  • 作者简介:从夕汉,男,1981年生,硕士.主要从事水稻遗传育种与农业生物技术研究.E-mail:congxihan@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由安徽省自然科学基金项目(1608085QC67)、安徽省科技攻关计划项目(1604a0702008)、安徽省农业科学院院长青年创新基金项目(16B0102)、安徽省农业科学院学科建设项目(16A0101)和安徽省农业科学院种子工程项目(17D0101)资助

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield and quality of different rice varieties

CONG Xi-han1,2,3 , SHI Fu-zhi1,2,3 , RUAN Xin-min1,2,3 , LUO Yu-xiang1,2,3 , MA Ting-chen1,2,3 , LUO Zhi-xiang1,2,3*   

  1. 1Institute of Rice Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
    2Hefei Branch of National Rice Improvement Center, Hefei 230031, China
    3Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
  • Received:2016-08-01 Online:2017-04-18 Published:2017-04-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: lzx6176@126.com
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Na-tural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (1608085QC67), the Science and Technology Key Research Project of Anhui Province (1604a0702008), the Innovative Fund for Young Scholars of President of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (16B0102), the Subject Construction Project of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (16A0101), and the Seed Engineering Project of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (17D0101)

摘要: 以不同基因型的水稻品种日本晴、N70、N178和OM052为供试品种,氮肥采用尿素,按基肥(70%)和蘖肥(30%)两次施用,设置3个施氮水平(N用量设0、120、270 kg·hm-2)的田间小区试验,研究氮素水平对水稻产量、氮素利用效率和稻米品质的影响,以期为氮肥合理施用和氮高效水稻品种创制提供科学依据.结果表明:施氮能增加水稻品种产量的原因是提高了有效穗数和每穗实粒数;与对照(0 kg·hm-2)相比,当施氮量为120和270 kg·hm-2时,OM052籽粒产量在4个品种中增幅最大,分别为41.1%和76.8%;品种产量增幅不同是由于氮素利用效率的差异,在120、270 kg·hm-2氮处理下,4个供试品种中,日本晴籽粒产量和氮素农学利用率(40.90 g·g-1、18.56 g·g-1)都最低,为氮低效品种,OM052籽粒产量和氮素农学利用率(145.9 g·g-1、81.24 g·g-1)都最高,为氮高效品种.施N能够增加各品种的直链淀粉和蛋白质含量,使胶稠度变长,降低垩白率、垩白度和碱消值;随施氮量增加,热浆黏度、峰值黏度、回复值和崩解值递减,而消碱值递增.相关性分析表明,低N水平下,供试品种产量及产量构成因子与外观品质、蒸煮食味的相关性更显著.综上,OM052是一个籽粒产量和氮素利用效率“双高”基因型品种,合理施用氮肥可以显著增加水稻的有效穗数和每穗粒数,改善稻米籽粒品质,实现高产和优质的协同.

Abstract: To provide scientific basis for reasonable application of nitrogen and create varieties with high N use-efficiency, an experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on grain yield, N use rate and quality of different rice varieties. Four different genotypic rice varieties, Nipponbare, N70, N178 and OM052 were used as tested material and three levels of nitrogen application rate (0, 120, 270 kg·hm-2) were conducted. Urea as nitrogen source was applied as basal (70%) and panicle (30%) fertilizer. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer could raise yield mainly because of the increased effective panicles and filled grains per panicle. When the N application rate was 120 and 270 kg·hm-2, OM052 had the largest grain yield among four varieties, being 41.1% and 76.8% higher, respectively compared with control. Difference in grain yield among four varieties was due to the difference of nitrogen use efficiency. Under 120 and 270 kg·hm-2 nitrogen levels, Nipponbare had the lowest grain yield and N agronomic efficiency (NAE, 40.90 g·g-1 and 18.56 g·g-1), which was a variety with low N use-efficiency. On the contrary, OM052 had the highest grain yield and NAE (145.9 g·g-1 and 81.24 g·g-1), was a variety with high N use-efficiency. N fertilizer application increased the amylose content and protein content, lengthened gel consistency, reduced chalky kernel, chalkiness, and alkali digestion value. With the increase of N fertilizer application, hot paste viscosity, peak viscosity, consistence viscosity and breakdown viscosity were decreased gradually, and setback viscosity was increased. Correlation analysis showed that the yield and yield components had more significant correlations with appearance quality, cooking and eating quality under low N level. This study confirmed that OM052 was a double high variety with extremely high N agronomic efficiency and yield. Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase effective panicles and filled grains per panicle, improve rice quality, and ensure high yield and superior quality simultaneously.