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应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 1291-1301.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201804.029

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆棉田土壤质量综合评价方法

郑琦, 王海江*, 吕新, 董天宇, 史晓艳, 刘悦   

  1. 石河子大学农学院, 新疆石河子 832000;
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-27 出版日期:2018-04-18 发布日期:2018-04-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: whj-219@163.com
  • 作者简介:郑 琦,女,1992 年生,硕士研究生.主要从事土壤环境质量评价研究.E-mail: 973913270@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文由国际科技合作项目(2015DFA11660)、新疆生产建设兵团科技项目(2014AB002) 和石河子大学校级项目(RCZX201522)资助

Comprehensive method for evaluating soil quality in cotton fields in Xinjiang, China

ZHENG Qi, WANG Hai-jiang*, LYU Xin, DONG Tian-yu, SHI Xiao-yan, LIU Yue   

  1. College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China;
  • Received:2017-07-27 Online:2018-04-18 Published:2018-04-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: whj-219@163.com
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation (2015DFA11660), the Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (2014AB002) and the Shihezi University School-level (RCZX201522).

摘要: 以新疆主要棉区为研究对象,测定了哈密、博乐、昌吉、奎屯、石河子、阿克苏及喀什棉田土壤耕层的pH、盐分、有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾及Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb 共计11个指标,综合分析土壤理化性质和重金属含量,采用土壤质量综合指数(SQI)对新疆主要棉区棉田土壤质量进行综合评价.结果表明: 新疆棉区棉田土壤呈碱性,pH均值为7.87,盐分含量均值为3.44 g·kg-1,为轻度盐化土壤,有机质和全氮含量均偏低,速效磷、速效钾含量较为丰富,与第二次全国土壤普查数据相比,土壤pH、盐分含量、有机质和全氮均呈下降趋势,土壤速效磷明显增长,部分地区土壤速效钾呈现出不同程度的升高趋势;Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Pb 5种重金属含量分别为45.88、40.66、68.30、12.88、16.68 mg·kg-1,均未超过国家二级标准,但与新疆土壤元素背景值相比,Cu、Zn、As均有累积现象.当重金属内梅罗综合污染指数(PN)小于0.5时,土壤理化性质越好,土壤综合质量越好.土壤有机质、全氮、Cu、Zn和As是影响新疆棉区棉田土壤质量的重要因素.新疆棉区棉田土壤质量总体属于中等水平,昌吉、奎屯质量最高,SQI为0.52,阿克苏质量最低,SQI为0.31,不同棉区土壤质量呈现为:北疆>东疆>南疆.

关键词: 新疆, 理化性质, 重金属, 土壤质量, 棉田

Abstract: To evaluate the soil quality in the main cotton growing regions of Xinjiang, 11 soil quality indices were measured in representative locations: Hami, Bole, Changji, Shihezi, Aksu, Kashgar and Kuitun. The indices included soil pH, salt, organic matter, total N, available P and available K for soil physicochemical properties, and Cr, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb for soil heavy metal pollution. Based on these indices, a comprehensive soil quality index (SQI) was developed to analyze the soil quality in the cotton fields of Xinjiang. The results showed that the soils in Xinjiang’s cotton fields were alkaline, with an average pH of 7.87. The soils were mildly saline, with an average salt content of 3.44 g·kg-1. Soil organic matter and total N concentrations were generally low, whereas available P and available K concentrations were relatively high. Soil available P concentrations were significantly higher than that of the second national soil survey, whereas soil pH, salt content, organic matter, and total N were less. Soil available K was greater in some regions but lower in others compared with the second national soil survey. The average heavy metal concentrations were as follows: Cr, 45.88 mg·kg-1; Cu, 40.66 mg·kg-1; Zn, 68.30 mg·kg-1; As, 12.88 mg·kg-1; and Pb, 16.68 mg·kg-1. These values were all below the national standards. However, the Cu, Zn, and As concentrations were greater than the background values in Xinjiang, indicating the accumulation of those elements in the soils. When the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (PN) of heavy metals was less than 0.5, the comprehensive soil quality improved as the soil physicochemical properties improved. Soil organic matter, total N, Cu, Zn, As and Pb were the main variables affecting soil quality in the main cotton cropping regions of Xinjiang. The cotton growing areas in Xinjiang generally had medium soil quality. Changji and Kuitun had the highest SQI (0.52) whereas Aksu had the lowest value (0.31). Soil quality was generally highest in northern Xinjiang, followed by western area, and then southern area.

Key words: soil quality, heavy metal, Xinjiang, cotton field., physicochemical property