营养液供应量对番茄产量、品质和挥发性物质的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001–9332.201803.026

应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 921-930.doi: 10.13287/j.1001–9332.201803.026

营养液供应量对番茄产量、品质和挥发性物质的影响

蔡东升, 李建明^*, 李惠, 胡晓辉, 张钧恒

西北农林科技大学园艺学院, 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2017-06-18 出版日期:2018-03-18 发布日期:2018-03-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: lijianming66@163.com
作者简介:蔡东升,男,1991年生,硕士.主要从事设施园艺生理生态研究. E-mail: caidongsheng123@163.com
基金资助:
本文由大宗蔬菜产业体系项目(CARS-23-C05)和陕西省科技创新转化项目资助

Effects of nutrient solution supply amount on yield, quality and volatile matter of tomato.

CAI Dong-sheng, LI Jian-ming^*, LI Hui, HU Xiao-hui, ZHANG Jun-heng

College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2017-06-18 Online:2018-03-18 Published:2018-03-18
Contact: * E-mail: lijianming66@163.com
Supported by:
This word was supported by Large Vegetable Industry System (CARS-23-C05) and Transformation Project of Scientific Innovation of Shaanxi Province

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨基质栽培条件下不同供应量的营养液对番茄果实产量、品质和挥发性物质的影响,以“HL2109”番茄为试验材料,设置4个处理.对照:每株全生育期只浇清水,共计117 L;T₁:每株全生育期共浇营养液39.0 L;T₂:每株全生育期共浇营养液58.5 L;T₃:每株全生育期共浇营养液117 L,利用化学方法及固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)技术测定番茄果实品质和挥发性物质.结果表明: 随着营养液供应量的增加,番茄单株产量和产量呈先升后降的变化趋势,以T₂处理最大,达到每株2.53 kg;T₁、T₂、T₃处理的番茄产量分别比对照增加了29.3%、72.6%、47.0%;T₁处理的灌溉水分利用效率最大,T₂次之,两者差异不显著.T₂处理番茄果实的可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比最高,果实的风味品质显著提升.随着营养液供应量的增加,果实的可溶性蛋白、抗坏血酸含量逐渐增加,可溶性总糖、还原糖含量呈现先增加后减少的趋势,均以T₂处理最高.利用GC-MS共检测出挥发性物质69种,T₁、T₂、T₃的果实挥发性物质总含量高于对照,表现为T₂>T₁>T₃>对照.其中T₂、T₁和T₃处理果实挥发性物质总含量分别为6971、6095和4070 μg·kg^-1,比对照分别增加了1.97、1.56和0.73倍;随着营养液供应量的增加,1-戊烯-3-酮、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、己醛、己酸、苯乙醛、顺-3-己烯醛等均以T₂处理的含量最高,并且T₂处理果实的特征挥发性物质含量、挥发性物质数量和总含量都最高.在本试验条件下,采用每株全生育期浇营养液58.5 L处理能够提高果实品质和挥发性物质含量,效果最佳.

Abstract: We examined the effects of different amounts of nutrient solution supply on the yield, quality and volatile substances of tomato fruit by substrate cultivation. Using tomato cultivar ‘HL2109’ as experimental material, four treatments were set, including Control: irrigating with 117 L pure water for each plant; T₁: irrigating each plant with 39.0 L of nutrient solution; T₂: irrigating each plant with 58.5 L of nutrient solution; T₃: irrigating each plant with 117 L of nutrient solution. The quality and volatile substances of tomato fruits were determined by using chemical method and SPME-GC-MS technique. The results showed that the yield per plant and the gross production increased and then decreased with the increases of nutrient solution supply. The yield of T₂ was the highest among all treatments. The yields of T₁, T₂ and T₃ were 29.3%, 72.6% and 47.0% higher than that in Control, respectively. The irrigation water use efficiency of T₁ was the highest and T₂ took second place, though the difference being not significant. The soluble solids content and sugar acid ratio of tomato fruits in T₂ were the highest, and the flavor and quality were significantly improved. The content of ascorbic acid and soluble protein gradually increased with the increases of nutrient solution supply. The contents of total soluble sugar and reducing sugar were first increased and then decreased, both being highest in T₂. Using GC-MS analysis, a total of 69 volatile compounds were detected. The total content of volatile compounds from T₁, T₂ and T₃ were higher than that in Control, which presented as T₂﹥T₁﹥T₃﹥CK. Among them, the content of volatile compounds from T₂ was 6971 μg·kg^-1, which was 1.97 times higher than that in the Control. The content from T₃ was 4070 μg·kg^-1, being 0.73 times of that in the Control. The contents of 1-Pentene-3-one, 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one, hexanal, hexanoic acid, Phenylacetaldehyde and cis-3-hexenal were highest in T₂ among all treatments. Moreover, the content of characteristic volatile compounds, the quantity and total content of volatile compounds were highest in T₂. Taken together, the T₂ treatment (irrigating each plant with 58.5 L of nutrient solution) had the best effects, with the quality and content of volatile compounds in tomato fruit being improved.

蔡东升, 李建明, 李惠, 胡晓辉, 张钧恒. 营养液供应量对番茄产量、品质和挥发性物质的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(3): 921-930.

CAI Dong-sheng, LI Jian-ming, LI Hui, HU Xiao-hui, ZHANG Jun-heng. Effects of nutrient solution supply amount on yield, quality and volatile matter of tomato.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(3): 921-930.

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营养液供应量对番茄产量、品质和挥发性物质的影响

Effects of nutrient solution supply amount on yield, quality and volatile matter of tomato.

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