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应用生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 3153-3163.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201610.032

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陇东旱塬苹果根系分布规律及生理特性对地表覆盖的响应

孙文泰, 马明*, 董铁, 刘兴禄, 赵明新, 尹晓宁, 牛军强   

  1. 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所, 兰州 730070;
  • 收稿日期:2016-02-29 发布日期:2016-10-18
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: maming65118@163.com
  • 作者简介:孙文泰, 女, 1983年生, 硕士, 助理研究员. 主要从事果树栽培生理生态研究. E-mail: swt830312@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家公益性行业专项(201303104)、国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201135)、甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新项目(2015GAAS27)、甘肃省苹果产业科技攻关专项(GPCK2010-1)、现代农业产业技术体系建设专项基金项目(CARS-28)和果树种质创新与新品种选育项目(2014GAAS04)资助

Response of distribution pattern and physiological characteristics of apple roots grown in the dry area of eastern Gansu to ground mulching

SUN Wen-tai, MA Ming*, DONG Tie, LIU Xing-lu, ZHAO Ming-xin, YIN Xiao-ning, NIU Jun-qiang   

  1. Institute of Forestry, Fruits and Floriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;
  • Received:2016-02-29 Published:2016-10-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: maming65118@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Special Fund for Research in the Public Interest (201303104), the National Key Research and Development Plan Projects (2016YFD0201135), the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Gansu Agriculture Research System (2015GAAS27), the Scientific and Technological Projects of the Apple Industry in Gansu Province (GPCK2010-1), the Special Fund for Modern Agriculture Industry Technology System (CARS-28), and the Project of Germplasm Innovation and New Variety of Fruits (2014GAAS04).

摘要: 为探明陇东旱塬区不同覆盖物对苹果园土壤理化性状、根系分布及根系生理活性的影响,以14年生苹果树为试材,采用土壤剖面分层取样法,调查根系空间分布,并对根系生物量、根长、表面积等进行分析,测定根系活力、抗氧化酶类、活性氧代谢等相关生理指标,同时测定不同深度土层土壤容重、孔隙度等.结果表明: 覆草可有效增大土壤含水量、孔隙度、有机质含量,增幅分别为2.7%~11.6%、3.2%~27.7%、5.1%~36.0%,但土壤容重降低,为清耕(CK)的88.7%~96.4%.CK根系主要分布在距树干30~120 cm范围内的0~60 cm深土层中;覆草、覆膜处理主要分布在距树干0~150 cm、0~60 cm水平范围内的0~100 cm深土层中,以20~40 cm根系最为密集;覆膜处理细根总量仅为CK的96.4%,根系水平分布范围较CK有所减小,0~60 cm内细根占根系总量的51.6%.不同覆盖处理显著增强0~80 cm土层根系活力及抗氧化酶活性,其中覆草处理根系活力为CK的111.3%~136.7%.综合分析根系生长分布与生理活性、土壤理化性状等,认为覆草处理是陇东旱塬区苹果园较为适宜的地表覆盖方式.

关键词: 覆盖, 根系分布, 细根, 根系活力, 土壤理化性状

Abstract: The objective of the experiment is to ascertain the effects of different mulching materials on the distribution and physiological activity of apple roots as well as the soil physicochemical pro-perties in the rain-fed Longdong arid areas. With fourteen years old apple trees as test material, the different classes of roots were collected by using soil profile method and stratified sampling in soil profile to investigate the spatial distribution, root biomass, root length and surface area. The activity of root and antioxidant enzymes and some antioxidant indexes were measured. Soil bulk density and soil porosity in different soil layers were determined. The results indicated that ground covering treatment increased the soil moisture, porosity and organic matter content, and the amplification were 2.7%-11.6%, 3.2%-27.7%, 5.1%-36.0%, respectively compared with the control. The soil bulk density was reduced by 88.7%-96.4%. The roots of CK distributed mainly in soil layer of 0-60 cm in depth, 30-120 cm away from the trunk. However, with straw and plastic mulching the roots distributed mainly in the layer of 0-100 cm in depth, 0-150 cm and 0-60 cm away from the trunk, respectively, mostly concentrated in the 20-40 cm layer close to the ground. Plastic mul-ching made a narrower horizontal root distribution than CK and the total fine root amount was 96.4% of that of CK, and that in 0-60 cm layer accounted for 51.6% of the total fine root amount. More-over, the mulching resulted in a higher activity of root and antioxidant enzymes in 0-80 cm layer. The root activity with straw mulching was 111.3%-136.7% as much as the control. For sake of the efficacy on improving root distribution and physiological activity, the straw mulching was suggested as a better way for soil management in apple orchard in dry area of eastern Gansu.

Key words: mulching, soil physicochemical property, fine root, root activity, root distribution