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应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 1919-1927.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201806.026

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

水氮互作对冬小麦田氨挥发损失和产量的影响

王磊,董树亭*,刘鹏,张吉旺,赵斌,郑凤霞   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2017-09-15 修回日期:2018-03-01 出版日期:2018-06-18 发布日期:2018-06-18
  • 通讯作者: E-mail: stdong@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王 磊,男,1993年生,硕士研究生.主要从事作物栽培生理生态研究. E-mail:18763825593@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文由国家自然科学基金项目(31071358,30871476)、国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B06-2)、国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301001)、山东省现代产业技术体系项目(SDAIT02-08)、国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-02-20)和山东省财政支持农业重大应用技术创新课题项目资助

The interactive effects of water and nitrogen addition on ammonia volatilization loss and yield of winter wheat.

WANG Lei, DONG Shu-ting*, LIU Peng, ZHANG Ji-wang, ZHAO Bin, ZHENG Feng-xia   

  1. College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
  • Received:2017-09-15 Revised:2018-03-01 Online:2018-06-18 Published:2018-06-18
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071358, 30871476), National “Twelfth Five-Year” Plan for Science & Technology Support Program (2013BAD07B06-2), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0301001), the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Shandong Province (SDAIT02-08), the Earmarked Fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02-20) and Shandong Province Financial Support Major Agricultural Technology Innovation Project.

摘要: 2015—2017年利用水肥渗漏研究池,以‘石麦15’(SM15)为材料,采用随机区组设计,设置2个氮肥类型(尿素和有机肥牛粪)、2个施氮水平(180和90 kg·hm-2)、2个灌溉水平(500和250 mm)进行试验,探讨水、氮及其互作对冬小麦田土壤氨挥发损失量和籽粒产量的影响.结果表明: 施肥以后土壤氨挥发持续7 d左右.2015—2016年施肥后各处理土壤氨挥发损失总量为13.36~46.04 kg·hm-2,氨挥发氮肥损失率为8.9%~41.1%,2016—2017年各处理土壤氨挥发损失总量为14.78~52.99 kg·hm-2,氨挥发氮肥损失率为9.2%~45.8%;两年试验内氨挥发损失量最多的处理为W2U1(施尿素N 180 kg·hm-2,灌溉量250 mm),氨挥发损失率最高的处理为W2U2(施尿素N 90 kg·hm-2,灌溉量250 mm),合理的水氮管理可以显著降低土壤氨挥发损失率,施用尿素造成的土壤氨挥发损失为有机肥的2~3倍.两年试验均以W1M1(施牛粪N 180 kg·hm-2,灌溉量500 mm)的小麦产量最高,灌溉量、肥料类型和施氮量互作对冬小麦产量影响极显著.综合氨挥发损失量和冬小麦籽粒产量,本试验条件下,水氮互作效应显著,冬小麦生育期内总灌溉量500 mm、施有机肥180 kg·hm-2时冬小麦季土壤氨挥发损失率较低,产量最高,施用有机肥的增产效果优于尿素,可作为黄淮海地区冬小麦实际生产中增产增效的水肥优化管理方式.

Abstract: An experiment with winter wheat of Shimai 15 and treatments of two types of fertilizers (organic manure, M; urea, U), two amounts of nitrogen application (180 kg·hm-2, M1U1; 90 kg·hm-2, M2U2), two irrigation levels (500 mm, W1; 250 mm, W2) was carried out in the lysimeters in 2015-2017. The results showed that ammonia volatilization was substantial after fertilization and irrigation. The dynami of ammonia volatilization during two years was similar. The process of ammonia volatilization after fertilization lasted for seven days. In 2015-2016, the total amount of ammonia volatilization ranged from 13.36 to 46.04 kg·hm-2, and the loss rate of ammonia nitrogen ranged from 8.9% to 41.1%. The total amount of ammonia volatilization in 2016-2017 ranged from 14.78 to 52.99 kg·hm-2, and the ammonia nitrogen loss rate ranged from 9.2% to 45.8%. During the two years, the highest loss of ammonia volatiles occurred in W2U1, the highest loss rate of ammonia volatilization occurred in W2U2. Ammonia volatilization loss rate significantly decreased under appropriate water and nitrogen management. Ammonia loss under the application of urea was about 2-3 times of organic manure. The highest yield occurred in W1M1 during the two growing seasons. The type of fertilizer, the amount of irrigation and nitrogen applied interactively affected the yield of winter wheat. As for the increases of production, organic manure was better than urea. Under the experimental condition, the best treatment was irrigation amount of 500 mm and application of organic manure with about 180 kg·hm-2 of N fertilizers, which could be applied in practice for wheat production in Huang-Huai-Hai region.