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应用生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (11): 3607-3614.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201811.026

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物降解膜对甘肃河西棉花的生态生物学效应

王宁1, 冯克云1*, 南宏宇1, 李亚兵2   

  1. 1甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所, 兰州 730070;
    2中国农业科学院棉花研究所, 河南安阳 455000
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-26 出版日期:2018-11-20 发布日期:2018-11-20
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: fengkeyun@126.com
  • 作者简介:王 宁,男,1987年生,助理研究员.主要从事棉花高产栽培生理生态及逆境生物学研究. E-mail: wangn2828@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    本文由国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201905)、甘肃省科技重大专项(17ZD2NA016-6)和甘肃省农业科学院青年基金项目(2015GAAS35)资助

Ecological and biological effects of biodegradable film on cotton in Hexi area of Gansu, Northwest China

WANG Ning1, FENG Ke-yun1*, NAN Hong-yu1, LI Ya-bing2   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    2Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
  • Received:2018-03-26 Online:2018-11-20 Published:2018-11-20
  • Contact: *E-mail: fengkeyun@126.com
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0201905), the Major Science and Technology Special Foundation of Gansu (17ZD2NA016-6), and the Youth Fund of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2015GAAS35).

摘要: 为研究生物降解膜对甘肃河西棉田的保温保墒、棉花生长发育和产量的影响,于2016年和2017年设置厚度为0.012 mm的生物降解膜A、厚度0.008 mm的生物降解膜B、普通地膜、裸地4个处理,分析降解膜的降解性能及其对棉田土壤温度、水分、产量和相关因子及杂草防效的影响.结果表明: 降解膜B早于降解膜A 3~5 d进入诱导期,降解速率高于降解膜A.填埋180 d时,降解膜A和B失重率分别达到95.6%和94.5%;降解膜A在棉花苗期增温保水性效果较好,与普通地膜无显著差异;而降解膜B由于降解速率快,在苗期增温保水性显著低于普通地膜.覆盖降解膜较普通地膜延长了棉花生育期,但棉花出苗率、单株铃数、铃质量和衣分无显著差异,而霜前花率和杂草防效显著降低.产量结果显示,两年间降解膜A较普通地膜籽棉产量分别降低3.8%和3.1%,差异不显著,较裸地处理分别增产73.1%和59.9%,增产显著,而降解膜B较普通地膜减产11.8%和7.1%,差异显著.综上,降解膜A具有较好的增温保墒和增产效应,可在甘肃河西农业区推广应用.

Abstract: To examine the effects of biodegradable film on preservation of soil temperature, moisture, growth and yield of cotton fields in Hexi area of Gansu, the trials were conducted with four treatments of DA (biodegradable film A with thickness of 0.012 mm), DB (biodegradable film B with thickness of 0.008 mm), common plastic film and unmulching were used to analyze the changes of degradation property, soil temperature, moisture, weeds control, and yield in 2016 and 2017. The results showed that the induction period of DB was three to five days earlier than that of the DA and the degradation rate was higher than DA. The mass loss rate of DA and DB could reach 95.6% and 94.5% respectively under 180 days landfill treatment. The DA showed good performance in water retention, soil warming in seedling stage, with no significant difference with the common plastic film. Due to the high degradation rate, water retention property, and insulation of DB were significantly lower than that of common plastic film. The growth period of cotton prolonged by biodegradable film compared with common plastic film, but with no significant difference of the emergence rate, boll number per plant, boll mass and lint percentage. However, the pre-frost yield and weeds control effects significantly decreased. There was no significant difference of cotton yield of DA compared with common film, but significantly increased by 73.1% and 59.9% compared with unmulching. The cotton yield of DB was significantly decreased by 11.8% and 7.1% compared with common film. In summary, DA played good performance on the preservation of soil temperature, moisture and the yield increasing effect, which could be applied in Hexi agricultural area of Gansu.