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两种温度下模拟氮沉降对陆稻与稗草竞争的影响

杨贤燕1;蒋琦清1;唐建军1;陈欣1;Hu Shuijin2   

  1. 1浙江大学生命科学学院, 杭州 310058; 2美国北卡罗莱纳州立大学农业与生命科学学院植物病理系, Raleigh 27695-7616
  • 收稿日期:2006-04-23 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2007-04-05 发布日期:2007-04-05

Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on competition of weedy species ( Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis L.) and upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) under different air temperatures

YANG Xian-yan1; JIANG Qi-qing1; TANG Jian-jun1; CHEN Xin1; HU Shuijin2   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
    2Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Life Science,
    North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7616, USA
  • Received:2006-04-23 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-04-05 Published:2007-04-05

摘要: 在昼/夜温度为35 ℃/25 ℃和30 ℃/20 ℃条件下,研究了模拟氮沉降对稗草和陆稻生长及竞争关系的影响.结果表明:35 ℃/25 ℃条件下,每年输入4 g·m-2氮处理,稗草和陆稻地上部分生物量分别比对照增加29.18%和27.80%,稗草吸收氮和磷量分别增加87.33%和49.73%,而陆稻吸收氮和磷量无显著变化.在30 ℃/20 ℃条件下,每年输入2、4、6 g·m-2氮处理后,稗草地上部分生物量分别比对照增加48.99%、72.68%和36.18%,分蘖数分别增加111.11%、122.22%和144.44%,稗草植株氮和磷吸收量分别增加108.88%、129.22%、134.29%和16.53%、65.05%、22.47%,而陆稻均无显著变化.在30 ℃/20 ℃条件下,氮沉降显著增加了稗草与陆稻地上部分生物量的比值,但在35 ℃/25 ℃条件下影响不显著.表明氮沉降增加可能会提高稗草而降低陆稻的竞争力,而且在温度较低的情况下,这种趋势更明显.

关键词: 水稻秸秆炭, 生活垃圾炭, 甲烷, 二氧化碳, 氧化亚氮, 水稻土

Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the growth and competition of C4 weedy species (Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis L.) and C3 upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) under day/night temperature of 35 ℃/25 ℃ and 30 ℃/20 ℃. The results showed that under day/night temperature 35 ℃/25 ℃, 4.0 g·m-2·a-1 N deposition enhanced the shoot biomass of E. crusgalli and O. sativa by 29.18% and 27.80%, respectively, compared with control. The N and P uptake by E. crusgalli increased by 87.33% and 49.73%, respectively, but no change was found for O. sativa. Under 30 ℃/20 ℃, three N depositions (2, 4 and 6 g·m-1 ·a-1) enhanced the shoot biomass, tiller number, and shoot N and P uptake of E. crusgalli by 48.99%, 72.68% and 36.18%, 111.11%, 122.22% and 144.44%, 108.88%, 129.22% and 134.29%, and 16.53%, 65.05% and 22.47%, respectively, but no changes were observed for O. sativa. Nitrogen deposition significantly increased the shoot biomass ratio of E. crusgalli to O. sativa under 30 ℃/20 ℃, but had no impact on this ratio under 35 ℃/25 ℃. It was suggested that N deposition could enhance the competition of E. crusgalli over O. sativa, especially under lower air temperature.

Key words: rice straw biochar, life rubbish biochar, methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, paddy soil.