考洲洋重金属污染水平与潜在生态危害综合评价

生态学杂志 ›› 2005, Vol. ›› Issue (3): 343-347.

考洲洋重金属污染水平与潜在生态危害综合评价

蔡文贵, 林钦, 贾晓平, 王增焕, 李纯厚, 杨美兰

中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室, 广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室, 广州, 510300

收稿日期:2004-05-29 修回日期:2004-07-17 出版日期:2005-03-10
通讯作者: 蔡文贵,男,1965年生,副研究员,主要从事渔业生态环境及GIS研究.
基金资助:
广东省惠州市海洋渔业资源评价与规划项目(1998);广东省自然科学基金项目(033101);农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室开放基金项目(2003-1);农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室开放基金资助项目(开-03-07)

Synthetic assessment on pollution level and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in Kaozhou Bay.

CAI Wengui, LIN Qin, JAI Xiaoping, WANG Zenghuan, LI Chunhou, YANG Meilan

Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangdong Province, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China

Received:2004-05-29 Revised:2004-07-17 Online:2005-03-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在等级模型的基础上,利用化学和生态学的方法,在地理信息系统(GIS)的支持下对考洲洋养殖水域表层海水及表层沉积物的重金属污染水平及潜在生态风险进行了综合评价,同时对不同的评价方法进行了分析和比较.结果表明,枯水期整个水域表层海水的重金属污染指数均低于0.,丰水期更是低于0.2.调查期间湾内海水重金属含量较低,重金属污染不明显.枯水期绝大部分水域表层沉积物重金属的生态风险指数值变化范围为20～70,其高值区出现于湾的西部和西北部水域,表明这些水域的表层沉积物已受到重金属的轻微影响;丰水期整个水域表层沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险指数值均低于20,重金属污染不明显.在生态学方面,枯水期大部分水域的饵料生物水平均处于2～3级水平,其密集分布区位于湾西北部、湾口和吉隆河口附近水域,达4级水平,饵料生物较为丰富.丰水期饵料生物水平的密集分布区位于湾中部和望京洲沿岸水域,饵料生物最丰富,达4～级水平;其次为湾口,为4级水平;最低则分布于湾的西部和西北部,其饵料生物较低,为1～2级水平.由于重金属污染程度较低,因此水温、盐度和营养盐等环境因子已成为影响湾内生态系统的主要因素.对各种不同评价方法所进行的分析和比较结果表明,采用多指标综合评价方法是描述污染和预测生态效应的一种有效途径.

关键词: 树种多样性, 热带山地雨林, 西双版纳

Abstract: Based on integrative model and supported by Geographic Information System (GIS),the pollution level and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface water and surface sediment in Kaozhou Bay were assessed synthetically with chemical and ecological methods,and the results of different methods were compared.The pollution indexes of heavy metals in the water of the whole bay were lower than 0.5 in dry season and even lower than 0.2 in flooding season,which indicated that the contents of heavy metals were low and insufficient to affect the ecological system in the bay.In dry season,the potential ecological risk indexes of heavy metals in the surface sediment of most part of the bay varied from 20 to 70 with the dense area occurring in the west and northwestern part,with sediments slightly affected by heavy metals.While in flooding season,the risk indexes in the whole bay were lower than 20 and would not affect the ecological system.As for ecological assessment,food organism level in dry season in most part of the bay ranged from grade 2 to grade 3 with the dense area occurring in the northwestern part,the mouth of the bay and the estuary of Jilong River,whose levels reaching grade 4,indicating rich food organisms in these parts.In flooding season,the dense area was distributed in the middle part of the bay and the coastal area along Wangjingzhou with the level of grade 4～5,and followed by the mouth of the bay with the level of grade 4,while in the west and northwest of the bay the levels were the lowest with grade 1～2.Because of the low level of heavy metal pollution,the environmental factors,such as water temperature,salinity and nutrients,had turned into the major factors which affected the ecological system in the bay.Comparing for the various assessment methods,synthetic assessment was an effective approach to describe the pollution of heavy metals and forecast the impact on the ecological system.

Key words: Tree species diversity, Tropical montane rain forest, Xishuangbanna

中图分类号:

X131.2

蔡文贵, 林钦, 贾晓平, 王增焕, 李纯厚, 杨美兰. 考洲洋重金属污染水平与潜在生态危害综合评价[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, (3): 343-347.

CAI Wengui, LIN Qin, JAI Xiaoping, WANG Zenghuan, LI Chunhou, YANG Meilan . Synthetic assessment on pollution level and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in Kaozhou Bay.[J]. cje, 2005, (3): 343-347.

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