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生态学杂志 ›› 2010, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (08): 1554-1558.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

广西大岩洞洞穴动物体与环境中重金属含量关系

杨卫诚,黎道洪**   

  1. 贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵阳 550001
  • 出版日期:2010-08-06 发布日期:2010-08-06

Correlations of heavy metal contents in cave animals and in environment in Danyan cave of Guangxi.

YANG Wei-cheng, LI Dao-hong   

  1. School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
  • Online:2010-08-06 Published:2010-08-06

摘要: 2007年7月,通过对广西大岩洞洞内软体动物、节肢动物和脊索动物的调查,共获标本3324号,隶属26科30属50种。其中,斑灶马、螺类、蜘蛛、两栖类4类动物类群3052号,隶属42种;同时测定了所采集的水样、土样及4类受测动物体内重金属Fe、Mn、Cu、Cd、Pb、Hg、As的含量,计算了水、土样中重金属在动物体内的富集系数。结果表明:水、土壤中Mn含量最高,水样6.75 mg·L-1,土样2112 mg·kg-1,4个类群中斑灶马、螺类与两栖类Mn含量最高,分别为45.3、858和254 mg·kg-1,蜘蛛体内Cu含量最高达79 mg·kg-1;几种受试动物(或类群)除斑灶马对水中Fe含量富集系数<1000外,其余均对水中所测重金属富集系数>1000;几种受试动物(或类群)都对土壤中Pb、Cd、Hg有富集作用,富集系数>1;同种动物类群对不同重金属的富集系数不同,不同类群动物对同一重金属的富集也有差异。相关性分析表明,动物体内重金属的积累量与环境中重金属的含量呈正相关,洞穴动物对重金属的残留与富集,除了元素之间产生的协同、拮抗等复杂作用对重金属的影响外,还与洞穴土壤和洞穴水中重金属的含量密切相关。

关键词: 限氧自养硝化-反硝化, 生物脱氮, 溶解氧

Abstract: In July 2007, an investigation was made on the mollusks, arthropods, and chordates in the Dayan cave of Guangxi Province. A total of 3324 specimens of the cave animals were collected, belonging to 26 families, 30 genera, and 50 species. Among these specimens, Diestrammen, Fruticicolidae, Araneida, and Amphibia occupied 3052 totally, belonging to 42 species. The contents of Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg and As in these four groups of cave animals and in the water and soil samples from the cave were determined, and the enrichment coefficients of the heavy metals for these four animal groups were calculated. In the water and soil samples, the content of Mn was the highest, being 6.75 mg·L-1in water and 2112 mg·kg-1 in soil. Among the four animal groups, Diestrammena, Fruticicolidae and Amphibia had the highest content of Mn (45.3 mg·kg-1, 858 mg·kg-1, and 254 mg·kg-1, respectively), while Araneida had the highest content of Cu (79 mg·kg-1). Except that the enrichment coefficient of Fe from water for Diestrammena was <1000, the enrichment coefficients of the heavy metals from water for all the four groups were >1000. The four animal groups could also enrich soil Pb, Cd and Hg, with the enrichment coefficients being >1. For the same groups of test animals, the enrichment coefficients of the heavy metals differed; and for the same species of test heavy metals, their enrichment by different groups of the animals also differed. Correlation analysis showed that the accumulation of the heavy metals in the test animals was positively correlated with the contents of the heavy metals in environment. The enrichment of the heavy metals by the cave animals was not only affected by the synergistic and antagonistic effects among the heavy metals, but also closely related to the contents of the heavy metals in the cave water and soil.

Key words: OLAND, Biological nitrogen removal, Dissolved oxygen